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Bio Final > Lecture 15- Gene Expression > Flashcards

Lecture 15- Gene Expression Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

A

DNA → RNA → protein

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2
Q

What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

A

Ribose has a 2 hydroxyl whereas deoxyribose just has a 2 hydrogen

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3
Q

What is the main function of mRNA?

A

Encodes amino acid sequence

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4
Q

What is the main function of rRNA?

A

Ribosomal composition

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5
Q

What is the main function of tRNA?

A

Carries amino acids to ribosome during translation

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6
Q

What is a codon?

A

Sequence of 3 nucleotides which code for a single amino acid

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7
Q

What is the start codon and which amino acid does it code for?

A

AUG codes for methionine

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8
Q

What does it mean that genetic code is degenerate/unambiguous?

A

Redundancy in genetic code - multiple codons code for the same amino acid

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9
Q

What is the start site for transcription?

A

Promoter (specific sequence of DNA on transcribed strand at the beginning of gene)

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10
Q

True or False: RNA polymerase needs an RNA primer similar to DNA replication

A

False; RNA polymerase does not require a primer

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11
Q

In which direction does RNA polymerase synthesize RNA?

A

5 to 3 direction

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12
Q

In which direction is the DNA template strand read in?

A

Read in 3 to 5 direction

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13
Q

How does RNA polymerase know when to stop transcribing?

A

RNA reaches termination sequence on DNA → mRNA falls off DNA template

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14
Q

True or False: Initiation of transcription begins with a start codon

A

False; initiation of transcription begins with a promoter. Initiation of translation uses a start codon

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15
Q

What is the name for the coding regions of mRNA?

A

Exons

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16
Q

What major structures form a ribosome?

A

Large and small subunit

17
Q

What is the main function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?

A

Links carboxyl group of amino acid to 3` end of tRNA (loads tRNA)

18
Q

What is the function of the A-site on the large ribosomal subunit?

A

Arrival site for loaded tRNA

19
Q

What is the function of the P-site on the large ribosomal subunit?

A

Holds growing polypeptide chain

20
Q

What is the function of the E-site on the large ribosomal subunit?

A

tRNA exit site

21
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the peptide bond between amino acids during translation?

A

Ribozyme

22
Q

What would result if pre-mRNA failed to complete modification into a mature mRNA?

A

mRNA would either not proceed out of the nucleus or if it did, it would undergo degradation in the cytoplasm

23
Q

Which event marks the start of translation termination?

A

Stop codon signals releasing factors

24
Q

What happens to tRNA after it leaves the ribosome?

A

Binds to an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to be reloaded/charged

Bio Final (27 decks)

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