Lecture 12- Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
What is the difference between a phenotype and a genotype?
Phenotype is the traits expressed by an organism whereas genotype encompasses both physically visible and non-expressed alleles
What did the Blending Inheritance hypothesis state?
Progeny (offspring) inherit characteristics as the average of their parents. For example: under Blending Inheritance, the offspring of a purple flower crossed with a white flower would yield a pink flower
What was the result of Gregor Mendel’s cross of two true-breeding parental (P) generation?
Crossed violet and white flowers → yielded 100% violet F1 (first filial) generation
Gregor Mendel allowed self-fertilization of the first filial (F1) generation. What were the results of this experiment?
Yielded 3:1 ratio of purple:white F2 generation (75% purple : 25% white)
How did Gregor Mendel’s experiments reject the Blending Inheritance hypothesis?
No intermediate phenotypes appeared & lost phenotypes reappeared
What did the Particulate Inheritance hypothesis state?
Phenotypic traits can be passed from generation to generation through discrete particles / heritable factors known as genes & each trait is controlled by two factors (genes) from parents
What did Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment state?
Alleles for different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another
What did Mendel’s Law of Segregation state?
Only one of the two gene copies present in an organism is distributed to each gamete that it makes, and the allocation of the gene copies is random
Which probability rule predicts combined probabilities of independent events?
Multiplication rule
Which probability rule predicts combined probabilities of mutually exclusive events?
Addition rule
What is an allele?
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene
