Lecture 5: Bone Growth Joints - Tissues and Structures Flashcards
Explain what the cartilaginous model is.
A model of the human skeleton except it is made of cartilage.
What is the process of turning cartilage to bone called?
Endochondral ossification.
Where is the primary center of ossification?
In the diaphysis of long bones.
Where is the secondary center of ossification?
In the epiphyses.
What separates the primary and secondary center of ossification?
Epiphyseal / Growth Plate.
How does bone growth begin?
Blood vessels and osteoblasts form round the outside.
Then blood vessels and osteoblasts form internally. The primary ossification center is the developed.
How does bone grow in length?
On the diaphysis side of the growth plate chondrocytes degenerate while on the epiphyseal side chondrocytes continue to grow and divide. Then osteoblasts on the diaphysis side continue to replace this space with bone.
How does growth in width occur?
Appositional growth.
What are the two types of cartilage?
Hyaline and Fibrocartilage.
What is the composition of cartilage?
Made of collagen.
Why is cartilage slow to heal?
Nutrients enter via diffusion which is a relatively slow process.
What is hyaline cartilage?
Found on articulation of bones. Function is to resist compression and provide a smooth frictionless surface.
What is fibrocartilage?
Found on the articulation of bones which experience tension and compression as unlike hyaline cartilage it is able to resist both. It deepens the articular surface and acts as a shock absorber by aligning of fibres in the direction of stress.
What is a ligament?
Dense fibrous connective tissue which connects bone to bone and restricts movement away from themselves. Made of collagen and minimal elastin content.
What is a tendon?
DFCT connecting muscle to bone. Fascillates movement and has a high elastin content compared to ligaments.
