Lecture 3 : Structure of the Skeleton Flashcards
What type of tissue is the skeleton?
Connective Tissue
What parts of the bone are the epiphyses and diaphysis?
The diaphysis is the shaft of bones and the epiphyses are the bone ends.
What is the function of bones?
Bones provide support, protection, mineral storage (calcium ions) and act as levers for movement.
What are the two types of bone tissue and how do they differ?
Compact and Cancellous bone tissue. Compact bone has a more dense structure, it is strong and made to absorb force in one direction. Cancellous bone has a less dense structure, it is made to distribute force and absorb shock.
What are the four classes of bone found in the human body? How do there functions differ.
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular. The long bones are longer than they are wide and are primarily made for movement. The short bones are more of a circular shape and are made for weight bearing (usually cancellous bone). Flat bones are made for protection and provide large surface area for muscle attachment.
Irregular bones have various functions but usually have a hole or foramen.
What bones make up the axial and appendicular skeleton.
The limbs make up the appendicular skeleton while the axial skeleton is made up of bones of the core.
How do the bone classes found in the axial vs appendicular skeleton differ?
Appendicular skeleton is made up of much more long bones which act as levers for movement and short bones found in tarsals / carpals for force absorption. The axial skeleton however is made up of a lot of flat bones which act as protection for vital organs.
Name the sections of the spine and how many bones are in each part.
Cervical, 7.
Thoracic, 12.
Lumbar, 5.
How do the humorous and femur differ?
Because we are bipedal the femur needs to be more heavy and strong than the humorous. Thus it is a much bigger bone. The articulation for the femur into the hip is also much deeper than that of the humorous into the shoulder. This is because deeper articulation = greater support. Think of this in terms of support vs mobility.
Tibia and Fibula vs Radius and Ulna.
The radius and ulna are much more mobile than the tibia and fibula. Having a stable tibia and fibula creates a stable ankle joint. Vis versa having a mobile radius and ulna creates a mobile wrist joint.
