Lecture 2 : Movement and Direction Terminology Flashcards
1. Explain the concept of homeostasis 2.Explain the ‘Anatomical Position’ 3.Define the terms used to describe spatial and positional relationships of structures 4.Define and demonstrate terms of movements as related to joints
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the state of a stable internal environment. Failure for an organism to maintain homeostasis can result in death, thus the human body does its best to regulate and maintain homeostatic variables to there set point.
When does feedback occur?
Feedback occurs when receptor stimulation triggers a response that changes the environment at the receptor. E.g. Core Temperature gets to high so the body begins to excrete sweat from sweat glands.
What is negative feedback?
Negative feedback is a type of feedback where an effector opposes the stimulus. E.g. when temperature gets to high it is brought back down.
What is positive feedback?
Positive feedback is a type of feedback which exaggerates the change of original conditions. An example of this is when your blood clots.
What is feedforward?
Feedforward is the anticipation of an event that will alter a variable such as temp, so you consciously or unconsciously do something to minimise the risk.
Define the anatomical position.
Upright, Face Forward, Feet Together, Palms face forwards. We always refer to this position.
Why do we always refer to the anatomical position?
We always refer to the anatomical position so that in describing the position of body parts we don’t get mislead. Similar to why we use BEDMAS.
List the types of direction we use to describe body parts. Give examples when listing, E.g. x is anterior to y.
Superior, Inferior, Posterior, Anterior, Lateral, Medial, Distal, Proximal, Deep, Superficial.
List the types of planes in the body and how they separate the body.
Transverse, Sagittal and Coronal. The transverse plane separates the body into superior and inferior parts. The sagittal plane separates the body into left and right. The coronal plane separates the body into anterior and inferior.
List the types of movements at joints and perform them.
Flexion, Extension. Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction, Rotation, Supination, Pronation, Dorsiflexion, Plantarflexion. Inversion, Eversion.
