Lecture 5- Blood

Question 1

What are the components of blood?

Answer 1

• Erythrocytes (RBCs)
• Leukocytes (WBCs)
• Platelets
• Plasma

Question 2

What are the components of plasma (EC Matrix)>

Answer 2

• water
• nutrients/ waste/ hormones/ electrolytes
• plasma proteins (made in liver)

Question 3

What type of problem would a person with liver disease encounter?

Answer 3

bleeding

Question 4

If a person is bleeding profusely, what could you give them?

Answer 4

Fresh frozen plasma- clotting factors are contained in the plasma of blood

Question 5

What is the main function of red blood cells?

Answer 5

To deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Question 6

Describe the characteristics of Red Blood Cells?

Answer 6

• no nucleus
• no organelles
• bioconcave disc- deform in capillary

Question 7

What protein increases the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells?

Answer 7

Hemoglobin

Question 8

What forms the hematocrit?

Answer 8

• Plasma
• WBCs
• Platelets
• RBCs (43%)

Question 9

What is the center of the RBC called? Clear on a blood smear?

Answer 9

Zone of central pallor

Question 10

If the RBCs are small and pale, what does that mean?

Answer 10

Less hemoglobin than normal

Question 11

What is the most likely cause of anemia with small, pale RBCs?

Answer 11

iron deficiency–> decrease in hemoglobin production–> micryoctyic, hypochromatic anemia

Question 12

Where are erythrocytes produced in an adult?

Answer 12

Red bone marrow

Question 13

Steps of hematopoeisis for erythrocyte

Answer 13

1. pluripotent stem cell
2. Erythropoietin (EPO)
3. Erythrocyte

Question 14

What are reticulocytes?

Answer 14

Stage of cell in erythrocyte production where the nucleus is ejected. Lose most of RNA, gain hemoglobin

Question 15

What are the effects of abusing erythropoietin?

Answer 15

• Increase the hematocrit

- Increase the number of reticulocytes in the blood

Question 16

What is the main cause of abnormally enlarged red blood cells?

Answer 16

Impaired cell division during hematopoiesis

Question 17

What can impair cell division?

Answer 17

Vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency

Question 18

Describe sickle cell disease

Answer 18

• Mutation in hemoglobin
• low oxygen tension
• cells are more fragile causing anemia
• cells can’t bend clogging capillaries causing pain

Question 19

What are the types of leukocytes (WBCs)?

Answer 19

• Eosinophils*
• Basophils*
• Neutrophils*
• Granulocytes- polymorphic nuclei
• Monocytes
• Lymphocytes

Question 20

How factor in the hematopoiesis chain produces platelets?

Answer 20

Thrombopoeitin leads to increase in platelets

Question 21

What factor in the hematopoiesis chain leads to neutrophils?

Answer 21

GM- CSF and G-CSF

Question 22

What factor in hematopoiesis chain leads to monocytes?

Answer 22

GM-CSF and M-CSF

Question 23

Why target neutrophils?

Answer 23

First defense against bacteria

Question 24

What type of things would mainly cause eosinophilia (elevated number of eosinophils)?

Answer 24

• allergic reaction

- worm or parasitic infection

Question 25

Which cells are major players in anaphylaxis because they release histamine?

Answer 25

Basophil and Mast Cells

Question 26

How many types of lymphocytes are there?

Answer 26

several

Question 27

Which cells are the precursors of macrophages?

Answer 27

Monocyte

Question 28

Fragments of what cell type form platelets?

Answer 28

Megakaryocyte

Question 29

Where do all blood cells originate?

Answer 29

Bone Marrow

Question 30

Components of plasma proteins

Answer 30

1. Albumin
2. Alpha/Beta- globulins (coagulation factors)
3. Fibrinogen
4. Gamma - Globulins

Question 31

What components of plasma proteins are made in the liver?

Answer 31

1. Albumin
2. Alpha/Beta- Globulins (coagulation factors)
3. Fibrinogen

Question 32

What component of plasma is involved in making immune cells?

Answer 32

Gamma-Globulins