Lecture 5- Blood Flashcards
What are the components of blood?
- Erythrocytes (RBCs)
- Leukocytes (WBCs)
- Platelets
- Plasma
What are the components of plasma (EC Matrix)>
- water
- nutrients/ waste/ hormones/ electrolytes
- plasma proteins (made in liver)
What type of problem would a person with liver disease encounter?
bleeding
If a person is bleeding profusely, what could you give them?
Fresh frozen plasma- clotting factors are contained in the plasma of blood
What is the main function of red blood cells?
To deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
Describe the characteristics of Red Blood Cells?
- no nucleus
- no organelles
- bioconcave disc- deform in capillary
What protein increases the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells?
Hemoglobin
What forms the hematocrit?
- Plasma
- WBCs
- Platelets
- RBCs (43%)
What is the center of the RBC called? Clear on a blood smear?
Zone of central pallor
If the RBCs are small and pale, what does that mean?
Less hemoglobin than normal
What is the most likely cause of anemia with small, pale RBCs?
iron deficiency–> decrease in hemoglobin production–> micryoctyic, hypochromatic anemia
Where are erythrocytes produced in an adult?
Red bone marrow
Steps of hematopoeisis for erythrocyte
- pluripotent stem cell
- Erythropoietin (EPO)
- Erythrocyte
What are reticulocytes?
Stage of cell in erythrocyte production where the nucleus is ejected. Lose most of RNA, gain hemoglobin
What are the effects of abusing erythropoietin?
- Increase the hematocrit
- Increase the number of reticulocytes in the blood
What is the main cause of abnormally enlarged red blood cells?
Impaired cell division during hematopoiesis
What can impair cell division?
Vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency
Describe sickle cell disease
- Mutation in hemoglobin
- low oxygen tension
- cells are more fragile causing anemia
- cells can’t bend clogging capillaries causing pain
What are the types of leukocytes (WBCs)?
- Eosinophils*
- Basophils*
- Neutrophils*
- Granulocytes- polymorphic nuclei
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
How factor in the hematopoiesis chain produces platelets?
Thrombopoeitin leads to increase in platelets
What factor in the hematopoiesis chain leads to neutrophils?
GM- CSF and G-CSF
What factor in hematopoiesis chain leads to monocytes?
GM-CSF and M-CSF
Why target neutrophils?
First defense against bacteria
What type of things would mainly cause eosinophilia (elevated number of eosinophils)?
- allergic reaction
- worm or parasitic infection
Which cells are major players in anaphylaxis because they release histamine?
Basophil and Mast Cells
How many types of lymphocytes are there?
several
Which cells are the precursors of macrophages?
Monocyte
Fragments of what cell type form platelets?
Megakaryocyte
Where do all blood cells originate?
Bone Marrow
Components of plasma proteins
- Albumin
- Alpha/Beta- globulins (coagulation factors)
- Fibrinogen
- Gamma - Globulins
What components of plasma proteins are made in the liver?
- Albumin
- Alpha/Beta- Globulins (coagulation factors)
- Fibrinogen
What component of plasma is involved in making immune cells?
Gamma-Globulins
