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Histology > Lecture 16- Respiratory > Flashcards

Lecture 16- Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

A
  • Respiratory bronchiole
  • alveolar duct
  • alveoli
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2
Q

What makes up the conduction portion of the respiratory system?

A
  • nasal cavity
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • bronchioles
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3
Q

If a person gets an upper respiratory infection this could involve which of the following structures?

A

Nasal Cavity

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4
Q

What are the functions of the conducting portions of the respiratory tract?

A
  • conduit for air movement
  • humidify air
  • warm the air
  • remove particulate material
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5
Q

What type of cells make up the majority of the respiratory epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelial cells

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6
Q

What do goblet cells do in the respiratory epithelium?

A

Produce mucus that humidifies air and traps particles

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7
Q

What is the function of the cilia in the respiratory tract?

A

Beat and move mucus toward the pharynx to spit or swallow

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8
Q

Which type of epithelium covers the oropharynx?

A

Stratified squamous epithelial cells

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9
Q

What tissue lines the nasal cavity?

A
  • olfactory epithelium superior to conchae

- respiratory epithelium lines rest of nasal cavity

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10
Q

Why does the lamina propria in the nasal cavity contain a large network of veins so close to the surface?

A

to warm the air

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11
Q

Nasal congestion associated with a cold occurs because the venous plexuses in the lamina propria under the conchae become?

A

Dilated- medications such as pseudafed contrict blood vessels in the nasal mucosa

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12
Q

What layers make up the olfactory epithelium?

A
  • olfactory bulp
  • bone
  • lamina propria
  • epithelial layer
  • mucous layer with olfactory molecules
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13
Q

What types of cells are found in the mucous layer of olfactory epithelium?

A
  • basal cells (stem cells)
  • bipolar neuron (olfactory receptor)
  • support cells
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14
Q

What is the larynx?

A
  • voice box
  • tube goes to trachea
  • cartilage connected by ligaments helps maintain a rigid structure
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15
Q

What parts of the larynx are responsible for speech?

A

vocal folds or vocal cords

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16
Q

What type of epithelium covers the vestibular folds (false vocal cords) and vocal folds (true vocal cords)?

A

Vestibular folds- respiratory epithelium; vocal folds- stratified squamous

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17
Q

what type of muscle is in the vocalis muscle?

A

Striated muscle

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18
Q

What is the function of the trachealis?

A

Changes the diameter of the trachea (smooth muscle)

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19
Q

What are the layers of the traches?

A
  • respiratory epithelium
  • lamina propria
  • submucosa (seromucous glands)
  • perichondrium
  • cartilage
20
Q

The secondary branch of bronchi is also known as the…

A

lobar branch

21
Q

The segmental bronchi is also known as the…

A

tertiary branch

22
Q

What is the difference between trachea and bronchi?

A
  • amount and location of cartilage
  • amount and location of smooth muscle
  • less mucous down deep in bronchi
23
Q

What connects the C-shaped cartilage in the trachea?

A

Muscle

24
Q

As you go down in the bronchioles there is _____ cartilage and _____ muscle

A

less cartilage, more muscle

25
Q

What type of cartilage is in the trachea and bronchi?

A

Hyaline cartilage

26
Q

A long time smoker developed chronic bronchitis. Why is there reduced mucociliary clearance and mucus plug formation in bronchi?

A

a decrease in the activity of ciliated epithelial cells

27
Q

What is the difference between bronchi and the bronchioles?

A

Alveoli

28
Q

What are the bronchiole?

A
  • intralobular bronchiole
  • terminal bronchiole
  • respiratory bronchiole
  • alveolar duct
  • alveoli
  • bottom 3 are respiratory
29
Q

What layers are found in bronchiole?

A

epithelial layer and smooth muscles layer. No cartilage or submucosal gland.

30
Q

What additional fibers are found in the smooth muscle of bronchioles?

A

Elastic

31
Q

Are lymphocytes found in bronchioles?

A

Yes

32
Q

What type of epithelial layer is in the terminal bronchiole?

A

Simple cuboidal

33
Q

What are clara cells?

A

Non ciliated, fluid secreting cells found in the terminal and respiratory bronchioles

34
Q

How do Clara cells protect the bronchiolar epithelium?

A
  • secrete surfacant like material
  • detoxify substances
  • proliferate/differentiate to maintain the ciliated cell population
35
Q

What is the difference between the terminal and respiratory bronchioles?

A

No much, respiratory bronchioles have some alveoli and terminal bronchioles have more.

36
Q

What is the center of an alveolar sac called?

A

atrium

37
Q

What surrounds the alveoli?

A
  • Capillaries
  • Elastic fibers
  • Connective tissue
38
Q

What cells make up the respiratory membrane?

A
  • Capillary with RBC
  • Type I alveolar cells
  • Alveolar CT
39
Q

What do Type II alveolar cells secrete?

A

surfactant to lower the surface tension so alveoli won’t collapse

40
Q

What is the importance of alveolar macrophages?

A

Phagocytize and particulate material that gets into the alveolus

41
Q

What is Type I alveolar cell so thin?

A

facilitate diffusion of O2 and CO2

42
Q

What do Type II alveolar cells do?

A

Produce surfactant

43
Q

An infant was born premature with respiratory distress syndrome. The alveoli collapsed on exhalation. What’s not working properly?

A

Type II alveolar cells

44
Q

Is the lung covered with a serosa, serous membrane, or adventitia?

A

Serosa

45
Q

Describe the pleura

A

Visceral and parietal pleura with a fluid filled pleura cavity in between

46
Q

What is the function of the pleural fluid?

A
  • allows visceral and parietal pleura to slide easily against each other during ventilation
  • provides mechanical coupling between the chest wall and lung
47
Q

Will the visceral or parietal pleura have a mesothelium layer?

A

Visceral

Histology (19 decks)

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