Lecture 5- Axial skelton

Question 1

Four long ligaments of the Axial Skelton

Answer 1

Dorsal longitudinal ligament
Ventral longitudinal ligament C2-S3
Supraspinous ligament T1-S3
Nuchal ligament C2-T1

Question 2

What long ligament of the axial skeleton is a cat missing

Answer 2

Nuchal

Question 3

Three short ligaments of the Axial Skeleton

Answer 3

Interspinous ligament- Thoracolumbar
Intercapital ligament- rib heads 1-10
Yellow ligament- C2-S3, between vertebral bodies

Question 4

What axial ligament do you “pop” through when administering an epidural?

Answer 4

Yellow ligament

Question 5

What axial ligament prevents disc ruptures in the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 5

Intercapital ligament

Question 6

How many rib pairs?

Answer 6

13

Question 7

What does the spinal cord run through?

Answer 7

Vertebral foramen

Question 8

Where does the disc sit on a vertebrae

Answer 8

Body

Question 9

How does the spinal cord exit the vertebral canal?

Answer 9

Intervertebral foramen

Question 10

What are the two components of an intervertebral disc?

Answer 10

Annulus fibrosis
Nucleus pulposis (cushions)

Question 11

Hoe many joints in a basic vertebra

Answer 11

6
2 fibrocartilagenous
4 synovial

Question 12

The joint between the atlas and the skull

Answer 12

Anlantoccipital joint

Question 13

The joint between the axis and the atlas

Answer 13

atlantoaxial joint

Question 14

eminence on the dorsal side of a vertebra

Answer 14

Spinous process

Question 15

Eminences on the lateral sides of a vertebra

Answer 15

Transverse processes

Question 16

What ligament sits on the ventral side of the spinal canal?

Answer 16

Ventral longitudinal lg

Question 17

What is special about the joints of C7

Answer 17

Articulates with a rib head caudally, so will have 8 joints

Question 18

Which vertebrae will have 12 joints and why?

Answer 18

T1-T9 have 12 joints
4 synovial on articular processes
2 fibrocartilagenous
4 for each rib head articulation, cranial and caudal
2 for each rib tubercle articulation with the transverse process

Question 19

Which vertebrae only have 10 joints, and why

Answer 19

T10-T13 do not articulate with the rib heads cranially

Question 20

Axial muscle system closest to the spinous process

Answer 20

Transversospinalis muscle system

Question 21

Intermediate axial muscle system

Answer 21

Longissimus muscle system

Question 22

Axial muscle system closest to the transverse processes

Answer 22

Illiocostalis muscle system

Question 23

Which of the three axial muscle systems only covers the thoracolumbar region

Answer 23

iliocostalis

Question 24

What comprises the thoracic inlet

Answer 24

The paired first ribs and the cranial extremity of the sternum

Question 25

What long axial muscle binds the the cervicothoracic vertebrae and ribs and attaches at the skull

Answer 25

Serratus ventralis

Question 26

Which axial muscle attaches to the 3rd ribs and the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 26

Scalenus

Question 27

Which intercostal muscle runs caudoventrally

Answer 27

External intercostal