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Small Animal Anatomy > Actions, Origins, and Insertions > Flashcards

Actions, Origins, and Insertions Flashcards

1
Q

Parts: Superficial pectoral m.

A

descending and transverse pectoral mm.)

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2
Q

Superficial pectoral m

A

Origin: sternum
Termination: crest of greater tubercle and cranial humeral border
Action: adduct the thoracic limb

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3
Q

Deep (ascending) pectoral m.

A

Origin: sternum.
Termination: greater and lesser tubercles of humerus.
Action: adduct thoracic limb and pull it caudally.

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4
Q

Parts: Brachiocephalicus

A

Cleidobrachialis
Cleidocephalicus

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5
Q

Brachiocephalicus m.

A

Origin: clavicular intersection.
Termination:
cleidobrachialis: distal cranial humerus
cleidocephalicus:
mastoid part: mastoid process of temporal bone
cervical part: dorsal midline of neck
Action: pull thoracic limb cranially (and/or) depress and pull head and neck laterally

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6
Q

Omotransversarius m.

A

Origin: wing of the atlas
Termination: distal spine of the scapula
Action: pull thoracic limb cranially (and/or) depress and pull head and neck laterally

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7
Q

Trapezius m.

A

Origin:
cervical part: dorsal neck
thoracic part: dorsal thorax
Termination: spine of the scapula
Action: elevate the thoracic limb

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8
Q

Parts: Rhomboideus

A

Rhomboideus throacis
Rhomboideus cervicis
Rhomboideus capitis

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9
Q

Rhomboideus m.

A

Origin:
rhomboideus thoracis: dorsal thorax
rhomboideus cervicis: dorsal neck
rhomboideus capitis: occipital bone
Termination: dorsal border of scapula and/or scapular cartilage
Action: elevate the thoracic limb

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10
Q

Parts: Serratus ventralis m.

A

Serratus ventralis cervicis
Serratus ventralis thoracis

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11
Q

Serratus ventralis m.

A

Origin:
serratus ventralis cervicis: cervical vertebrae
serratus ventralis thoracis: thoracic wall (ribs)
Termination: serrated face of scapula
Action: support and/or elevate the trunk

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12
Q

Latissimus dorsi m.

A

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia
Termination: teres major tuberosity
Action: draw the thoracic limb caudally, flex or extend the humeral joint

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13
Q

Sternocephalicus m.

A

Origin: sternum
Termination:
mastoid part: mastoid process of temporal bone
occipital part: occipital bone
Action: depress head and neck; draw head and neck laterally

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14
Q

Sternohyoideus m.

A

Origin: sternum
Termination: basihyoid bone
Action: pull tongue and larynx caudally

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15
Q

Sternothyroideus m.

A

Origin: cranial aspect of sternum
Termination: thyroid cartilage
Action: pull tongue and larynx caudally

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16
Q

Deltoideus m.

A

Origin: spine of scapula and acromion
Termination: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: flex the humeral joint

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17
Q

Supraspinatus m.

A

Origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula
Termination: greater tubercle of the humerus
Action: extend the humeral joint

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18
Q

Infraspinatus m.

A

Origin: infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Termination: greater tubercle of the humerus
Action: flex the humeral joint; abduct the limb at the humeral joint

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19
Q

Teres minor m.

A

Origin: caudal border of scapula
Termination: teres minor tuberosity of the humerus
Action: flex the humeral joint

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20
Q

Subscapularis m.

A

Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
Termination: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: adduct limb at humeral joint

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21
Q

Teres major m

A

Origin: caudal border of scapula
Termination: teres major tuberosity of humerus
Action: flex the humeral joint

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22
Q

Coracobrachialis m.

A

Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Termination: crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
Action: adduct limb at shoulder

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23
Q

Biceps brachii m

A

Origin: supraglenoid tubercle
Termination: radial and ulnar tuberosities
Action: flex the cubital joint and extend the humeral joint

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24
Q

Brachialis m

A

Origin: brachial groove of humerus
Termination: proximal radius and/or ulna
Action: flex the cubital joint

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25
Q

Parts: Triceps brachii m

A

long, medial, and lateral heads in all species - carnivores also have an accessory head

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26
Q

Triceps brachii m.

A

Origin: caudal border of scapula (long head); proximal humerus (other heads)
Termination: tuber olecrani
Action: extend the cubital joint (all heads); flex the humeral joint (long head)

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27
Q

Tensor fasciae antebrachii m.

A

Origin: latissimus dorsi and fascia on caudal border of scapula
Termination: tuber olecrani
Action: extend the cubital joint (and tense the deep antebrachial fascia)

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28
Q

Anconeus m.

A

Origin: caudal aspect of the distal humerus
Termination: tuber olecrani
Action: extend the cubital joint

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29
Q

Extensor carpi radialis m.

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus (and its crest)
Termination: dorsal base of second and third metacarpal bones
Action: extend the carpal joints

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30
Q

Common digital extensor m.

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Termination: extensor processes of the distal phalanges
Action: extend the carpal and digital joints

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31
Q

Lateral digital extensor m.

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Termination: distal phalanges (also the proximal and/or middle phalanges) of
lateral digit(s)
Action: extend the carpal joints and the digital joints of the lateral most digits

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32
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris m. (ulnaris lateralis m.)

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Termination: accessory carpal bone and lateral base of fifth metacarpal bone
Action: flex the carpal joints; abduct the manus

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33
Q

Supinator m.

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Termination: body of radius
Action: supination of the manus

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34
Q

Abductor pollicis longus m.

A

Origin: proximal antebrachium (ulna)
Termination: medial metacarpus
Action: abduct the first digit

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35
Q

Brachioradialis m.

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Termination: fascia near the carpus
Action: flexes the cubital joint and supinates the manus

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36
Q

Flexor carpi radialis m

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Termination: palmar base of metacarpal bones 2 and 3
Action: flex the carpal joints

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37
Q

Parts: Flexor carpi ulnaris m.

A

2 heads: humeral and ulnar

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38
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris m.

A

Origin: medial epicondyle and olecranon
Termination: accessory carpal bone
Action: flex the carpal joints

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39
Q

Superficial digital flexor m.

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Termination: middle phalanges of the digits (palmar aspects)
Action: flex the carpal joints, metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints

40
Q

Parts: Deep digital flexor m.

A

3 heads: humeral, radial, ulnar

41
Q

Deep digital flexor m.

A

Origin: humerus (medial epicondyle), radius, ulna. (The radial head may be absent in eq.)
Termination: flexor tubercles of distal phalanges
Action: flex the carpal and digital joints

42
Q

Pronator teres m.

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Termination: medial body of radius
Action: pronation of the manus

43
Q

Pronator quadratus m.

A

Attachments: apposed surfaces of the radius and the ulna
Action: pronation of the manus

44
Q

Tensor fasciae latae m.

A

Origin: tuber coxae.
Termination: fascia lata
Action: tense the fascia lata (flex the coxal joint and extend the genual joint).

45
Q

Superficial gluteal m.

A

Origin: sacrotuberous ligament
Termination: third trochanter of the femur
Action: abduct the limb (may have a minor extensor action on the coxal joint)

46
Q

Middle gluteal m.

A

Origin: gluteal surface of the ilium
Termination: greater trochanter of the femur.
Action: extend the coxal joint; abduct the limb.

47
Q

Piriformis m.

A

Origin: sacrum and first caudal vertebra
Termination: greater trochanter
Action: extend the coxal joint

48
Q

Deep gluteal m.

A

Origin: body of ilium and ischiatic spine
Termination: greater trochanter (deep to the middle gluteal m.)
Action: abduct the limb and extend the coxal joint

49
Q

External obturator m.

A

Origin: ventral aspect of os coxae around obturator foramen
Termination: trochanteric fossa
Action: adduct and/or rotate the limb laterally at the coxal joint

50
Q

Internal obturator m.

A

Origin: dorsal aspect of os coxae around obturator foramen
Termination: trochanteric fossa
Action: rotate the limb laterally at the coxal joint

51
Q

Gemelli mm.

A

Origin: lateral aspect of ischium
Termination: trochanteric fossa
Action: rotate the limb laterally at the coxal joint

52
Q

Quadratus femoris m.

A

Origin: ventral aspect of ischium
Termination: caudal femur near the trochanteric fossa
Action: extend coxal joint; adduct and/or rotate the limb laterally at the coxal joint.

53
Q

Biceps femoris m.

A

Origin: ischiatic tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament
Termination: patella, tibia, and tuber calcanei
Action: extend the coxal joint; variable action on the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint

54
Q

Semitendinosus m.

A

Origin: ischiatic tuberosity
Termination: tibia and tuber calcanei
Action: extend the coxal joint; variable action on the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint

55
Q

Semimembranosus m.

A

Origin: on or near the ischiatic tuberosity
Termination: distal femur and proximal tibia
Action: extend coxal joint; variable action on the genual joint

56
Q

Parts: Sartorius m.

A

has cranial and caudal bellies in the dog only

57
Q

Sartorius m.

A

Origin: crest of ilium
Termination: medial aspect of the genual region
Action: flex the coxal joint, extend (cr.) or flex (cd.) the genual joint

58
Q

Gracilis m.

A

Origin: pelvic symphysis
Termination: medial aspect of the genual region and tuber calcanei
Action: adduct the limb, extend the coxal joint; flex the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint

59
Q

Pectineus m.

A

Origin: iliopubic eminence (prepubic tendon and cranial border of pubis)
Termination: distal body of femur
Action: adduct the limb

60
Q

Adductor m.

A

Origin: ventral surface of os coxae
Termination: caudal surface of femur
Action: adduct the limb and extend the coxal joint

61
Q

Parts: Quadriceps femoris m.

A

four heads: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis

62
Q

Quadriceps femoris m.

A

Origin: rectus femoris, ilium; other three heads, proximal femur
Termination: tibial tuberosity
Action: flex the coxal joint (rectus femoris); extend the genual joint (all heads)

63
Q

Parts: Iliopsoas m.

A

iliacus m. + psoas major m.

64
Q

Iliopsoas m.

A

Origin: ilium (iliacus) and lumbar vertebrae (psoas major).
Termination: lesser trochanter
Action: flex the coxal joint

65
Q

Cranial tibial m.

A

Origin: lateral aspect of proximal tibia
Termination: plantar base of metatarsal bones 1 and 2
Action: flex the tarsocrural joint and rotate paw laterally

66
Q

Long digital extensor m.

A

Origin: extensor fossa of femur
Termination: extensor processes of the distal phalanges
Action: extend the genual joint; flex the tarsocrural joint; extend the digital joints

67
Q

Lateral digital extensor m.

A

Origin: on and near the proximal aspect of the fibula
Termination: lateral digits
Action: flex the tarsocrural joint; extend the digital joints of the lateral most digits

68
Q

Fibularis longus m. (peroneus longus m.)

A

Origin: on or near lateral collateral ligament of the genual joint
Termination: fourth tarsal bone and plantar base of metatarsal bones
Action: flex the tarsocrural joint and rotate the paw medially

69
Q

Parts: Gastrocnemius m

A

medial and lateral heads

70
Q

Gastrocnemius m.

A

Origin: distal caudal femur
Termination: tuber calcanei of the calcaneus
Action: flex the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint

71
Q

Superficial digital flexor m.

A

Origin: lateral supracondylar tuberosity of femur
Termination: tuber calcanei and bases of middle phalanges
Action: flex the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint; flex the metatarsophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints

72
Q

Parts: Deep digital flexor m.

A

lateral and medial heads

73
Q

Deep digital flexor m.

A

Origin: proximal caudal aspect of the tibia and fibula
Termination: flexor tubercle of distal phalanges
Action: extend the tarsocrural joint; flex the digital joints

74
Q

Popliteus m.

A

Origin: popliteal fossa of the femur
Termination: proximal caudal aspect of tibia
Action: flex the genual joint

75
Q

Scalenus m.

A

Attaches: first ribs and transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Action: Inspiration, pulls ribs cranially

76
Q

Parts: Serratus ventralis m.

A

cervicis and thoracis

77
Q

Serratus ventralis m.

A

Origin: neck and trunk
Termination: serrated face of the scapula
Action: inspiration, move thoracic limb cranially

78
Q

Parts: Serratus dorsalis m.

A

Cranialis and Caudalis

79
Q

Serratus dorsalis m.

A

Origin: raphe of neck and thoracic and lumbar spine
Termination: proximal ribs (caudalis: last three ribs)
Action: Cranialis: inspiration, lifts ribs. Caudalis: expiration

80
Q

External intercostal m.

A

Origin: Caudal border of one rib
Termination: cranial border of the rib behind (runs caudoventrally)
Action: Draw ribs together during respiration

81
Q

Internal intercostal m.

A

Origin: Cranial border of a rib
Termination: Caudal border of the rib in front (run cranioventrally)
Action:Draw ribs together during respiration

82
Q

External abdominal oblique m.

A

Origin: costal- last ribs. lumbar- last rib and thoracolumbar fascia
Termination: linea alba
Action: compression of abdominal viscera

83
Q

Internal abdominal oblique m.

A

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia and tuber coxae
Termination: rectus abdominus and linea alba
Action: Compression of abdominal viscera

84
Q

Transversus abdominis m.

A

Origin: medial surface of the last 4-5 ribs and thoracolumbar fascia
Termination: linea alba
Action: compression of abdominal viscera

85
Q

Rectus abdominis m.

A

Origin: prepubic tendon
Termination: sternum
Action: flexes thoracolumbar vertebral column

86
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum m.

A

Origin: wing of ilium
Termination: transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and last 4-5 ribs
Action: extend and contract spine

87
Q

Iliocostalis thoracis m.

A

Origin: 12th rib
Termination: transverse process of 7th cervical vertebra
Action: Extend and contract spine

88
Q

Parts: Longissimus m.

A

thoracolumbar, cervical, and capital

89
Q

Longissimus thoracis et lumborum m.

A

Origin: ilium wings and supraspinous ligament and spines of lumbothoracic vertebrae
Termination: Inserts on ribs and seventh cervical vertebrae
Action:

90
Q

Longissimus cervicis m.

A

Origin:
Termination: transverse processes of the last cervical vertebrae
Action:

91
Q

Longissimus capitis m.

A

Origin: first three thoracic vertebrae
Termination: mastoid and temporal bone
Action:

92
Q

Splenius m.

A

Origin: cranial border of the thoracolumbar fascia, spines of first three thoracic vertebrae, median raphe of neck
Termination: nuchal crest and mastoid part of temporal bone
Action:

93
Q

Semispinalis capitis m.

A

Origin: thoracic vertebrae
Termination: head
Parts: biventer cervicis and complexus

94
Q

Nuchal ligament

A

Origin: tip of spinous process of first thoracic vertebra
Termination: broad caudal end of the spine of the axis
Action: lift head

95
Q

Supraspinous ligament

A

extends the nuchal ligament caudally

Small Animal Anatomy (18 decks)

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