Anatomy Final Exam Flashcards
What are the quadrants of the lateral external vasculature of the abdomen?
Dorsal cranial: Cranial abdominal
Dorsal caudal: Deep circumflex iliac
Ventral cranial: Cranial epigastric
Ventral caudal: Caudal epigastric
What do the superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain?
mammae, prepuce, scrotum, and ventral abdominal wall
What does the genitofemoral nerve innervate?
The cremaster muscle, inguinal skin, and proximal medial leg.
What does the vaginal process/tunic surround in the male/female?
Male: Testis and spermatic cord
Female: Round ligament of the uterus and fat
Which is more proximal: the head or tail of the epididymis?
The head
What connects the epididymis to the teste?
The Proper ligament of the testis
What connects the testis to the visceral vaginal tunic?
The ligament of the tail of the epididymis
The connecting mesentery containing the vessels and nerves of the testis
Mesorchium
The connecting mesentery containing the ductus deferens (and its artery, vein, and nerve) in the testis
The mesoductus
What are the parts of the spermatic cord?
The artery/vein of the testis and the ductus deferens
What viscera surrounds the abdominal cavity?
Peritoneum
What is the peritoneal fold that begins at the umbilicus and runs to the liver/diaphragm?
The falciform ligament, remnant of the round ligament of the liver
What is the peritoneal fold caudal to the umbilicus
The median ligament of the bladder, remnant of the urachus and umbilical artery
What does the fetal gubernaculum become in the female/male?
Female: round ligament of the uterus
Male: ligament of the tail of the epididymis
Parts of the greater omentum
Superficial leaf: side touching abdominal wall
Deep leaf: side touching abdominal organs
What travels through the aortic hiatus?
aorta, azygous vein, and thoracic duct
What travels through the esophageal hiatus and where is it located?
The esophagus, esophageal vessels, and vagal nerve trunks
It is located centrally on the diaphragm, in the right crus
Where is the caval foramen located and what travels through it?
The right side of the diaphragm, between the tendinous and muscular parts
It contains the caudal vena cava
Order of the three divisions of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Parts of the enteric system, starting with the pylorus
duodenum, cranial duodenal flexure, descending duodenum, major duodenal papilla (bile), minor duodenal papilla (pancreas), caudal duodenal flexure, ascending duodenum, duodenojejunal flexure, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, right colic flexure, transverse coon, left colic flexure, descending colon
What are the lobes of the liver?
Left lateral, left medial, quadrate, right medial, right lateral, caudate (papillary and caudate processes)
What lobes of the liver is the gallbladder between?
right medial and quadrate
What forms the bile duct?
The hepatic ducts from each lobe and the cystic duct from the gallbladder
What vascularizes the jejunum?
The cranial mesenteric artery
What is used to mark the length of the ileum?
The antimesenteric artery
What joins the colon and the ileum?
The ileocolic orifice
What joins the cecum and the ascending colon?
The cecocolic orifice
Which is more superficial: the renal cortex or medulla?
The renal cortex
What are the parts of the ovarian bursa surrounding the ovaries?
mesosalpinx and mesovarium
What are three parts of the broad ligament of the uterus?
Mesometrium
Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
What fascia attaches the ovary to the last rib?
suspensory ligament of the ovary
What attaches the ovary to the uterine horn?
The proper ligament of the ovary
The pocket and opening formed by the omentum and organs
Omental bursa and epiploic foramen
What is attached to the ileum and jejunum, keeping them in place
Mesentery
What is the mesenteric structure found on the colon?
Mesocolon
Sympathetic nerves that innervate the adrenal glands and celiacomesenteric plexuses
Major and minor splanchnic nerves
Where is the celiac ganglion?
on either side of the celiac artery, near its origin
Where is the cranial mesenteric ganglion?
Caudal to the celiac ganglion, around the cranial mesenteric artery
What makes up the celiacomesenteric ganglion and plexus?
the celiac and mesenteric ganglia
What are the puborectal pouches from dorsal to ventral?
Pararectal fossa, rectogenital pouch, vesicogenital pouch, pubovesical pouch
What does the umbilical artery become?
Round ligament of the bladder
What is the name of the protrusion and hillock into the prostatic urethral canal?
The urethral crest and colliculus seminalis
What is the name of the membrane that connects the two ductus deferens before the prostate?
The genital fold
What tissue surrounds the urethra in the penis
Corpus spongiosum
Dorsal muscle on the bulb of the penis
Ischiocavernosus
Ventral tissue on the bulb of the penis
Bulbospongiosus
Dorsal tissue on the body of the penis
Corpus cavernosum
Two tissues in the glans penis
Bulbus glandis and pars longa glandis
The three openings in the caudal orbit, from rostral to caudal
Optic canal, orbital fissure, rostral alar foramen
Caudal opening of the infraorbital canal
maxillary foramen
What part of the skull articulates with the atlas
occipital condyle
Opening lateral to the tympanic bullae
external acoustic meatus
Opening that contains the trigeminal nerve and is caudal to the caudal alar foramen and what does it contain
Oval foramen, mandibular nerve
Long opening between the tympanic bone and occipital bone
Tympano-occipital fissure
Small opening caudomedial to the tympano-occipital fissure, and what does it contain
Hypoglossal canal (hypoglossal nerve
What part of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone articulates with the mandible
The mandibular fossa
Opening between the tympanic bullae and temporal bone that contains the facial nerve
stylomastoid foramen
The opening of the nasal cavities into the nasopharynx
choanae
The tallest part of the mandible
Coronoid process
Opening of the mandibular canal and what it contains
Rostral: mental foramen
Caudal_ mandibular foramen
Inferior alveolar nerve/artery/vein
Eminence caudal to the coronoid process
Condylar process
Adult dental formula
3/3 1/1 4/4 2/3
The rostral wall of the cranium
cribriform plate
What does the orbital fissure contain?
oculomotor, trochlear, abducent, and opthalmic nerves
The bony scrolls within the nasal cavity
Conchae
Four chambers of the nasal cavity
dorsal nasal meatus- dorsal conchae and nasal bone
middle nasal meatus- dorsal and ventral conchae
ventral nasal meatus- ventral conchae and hard palate
common nasal meatus- rostral to the conchae
Contact surface in the TMJ
Articular disc
Flow of tears
Lacrimal gland, eye, lacrimal punctum, lacrimal duct, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct
where does the parotid duct open?
Upper fourth premolar
Where do the zygomatic gland ducts open?
Upper second molar
Band of tissue from the body to the tongue to the beginning of the soft palate
Palatoglossal arch
“Taste buds” that form a V shape
Vallate papillae
The fold and soft tissue projection under the tongue
What two things empty here?
Sublingual fold/caruncle
Mandibular and major sublingual ducts
What two glands are found caudal to the TMJ
Mandibular salivary gland and sublingual gland
Tonsil name and where it sits
Palatine tonsil, semilunar fold
The constriction at the beginning of the esophagus
Pharyngo-esophageal limen
Where the epiglottis and arytenoid cartilage meet
Aryepiglottic fold
What is the name of the pocket in the pina
Marginal cutaneous sac
Chewing muscles
Temporalis, masseter, pterygoid, digastricus
Muscle of the tongue
Genioglossus
Cone of connective tissue around the eye
periorbita
What innervates levator palpebrae superioris
Oculomotor nerve
What innervates the lateral rectus and retractor bulbi
abducens
What innervates medial, ventral, and dorsal rectus
Oculomotor
What innervates dorsal oblique
trochlear
What innervates ventral oblique
oculomotor
Parts of the external fibrinous coat
sclera and cornea
Parts of the middle vascular coat (uvea)
choroid, ciliary body, and iris
What suspends the lens
Zonular fibers
What fills the chamber posterior to the lens
Vitreous body
What fills the chamber between the cornea and lens
Aqueous humor
What is the difference between the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye
Both are part of the aqueous chamber
The anterior chamber is between the cornea and the iris
THe posterior chamber is between the iris and the lens
the retina and optic disc combined
Fundus
Enlargement of the oculomotor nerve ventral to the eye
Ciliary ganglion
