Lecture 5

Question 1

List the bones of the pectoral region.

Answer 1

a. Clavicle
b. Sternum: Manubrium, body, xiphoid
c. Ribs
d. Scapula

Question 2

What are the functions of the fascia of the pectoral region?

Answer 2

i. Defines borders
ii. Invests muscles (covers)
iii. Creates potential spaces

Question 3

List the structures associated with the superficial fascia

Answer 3

i. Platysma
ii. Supraclavicular nerves
iii. Anterior later branches of intercostal nerves

Question 4

What are the borders of Deltopectoral triangle?

Answer 4

i. Deltoid
ii. Pectoralis Major
iii. Middle 1/3 of clavicle

Question 5

What are the contents of the deltopectoral triangle?

Answer 5

i. Cephalic Vein
ii. Deltopectoral lymph nodes
iii. Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial Artery

Question 6

Describe the clavipectoral fascia, list structures that pierce the fascia and describe its relationship with the suspensory ligament of the axilla.

Answer 6

Invests subclavius and pectoralis minor, attaches to clavicle and anterior thoracic wall, cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery and lateral pectoral nerves pierce it, becomes suspensory ligament of axilla.

Question 7

The muscles of the pectoral region do what and include what?

Answer 7

These muscles are innervated by the ventral rami of spinal nerves via branches of the brachial plexus 
Include: 
i.      Pectoralis major
ii.	Pectoralis minor
iii.	Subclavius
iv.	Serratus anterior

Question 8

Describe the superficial cervical fascia and list contents

Answer 8

i. Platysma muscle
ii. Superficial veins
iii. Cutaneous nerves

Question 9

Describe the prevertebral fascia and the muscle covered?

Answer 9

a. Covers:
i. Muscles of the lateral triangle
b. Extends:
i. Around anterior surface of the cervical vertebrae across anterior midline.

Question 10

List the muscles of the lateral cervical triangle

Answer 10

Splenius capitis, levator scapulae, scalenus posterior, scalenus medius, scalenus anterior and omohyoid

Question 11

What are the nerves and vessels of lateral cervical triangle?

Answer 11

a. Lesser occipital (C2)
b. Supraclavicular (C3, 4)
c. Accessory (CN XI)
d. Occipital artery
e. Transverse cervical artery
f. Subclavian vein (SV)
g. Subclavian artery (SA)
h. External jugular vein (EJV)

Question 12

Cranial root arises from what?

Answer 12

medulla

Question 13

Spinal root arises from what and passes through what?

Answer 13

C1-C5 and pass superiorly through foramen magnum and join cranial root.

Question 14

Spinal and cranial root both exit where?

Answer 14

Jugular foramen and separate.

Question 15

Spinal root innervates what?

Answer 15

Sternocleidomastoid

trapezius

Question 16

What are the boundaries of the base of the axilla?

Answer 16

i. Anterior (pectoralis major muscle)
ii. Posterior (latissimus dorsi muscle)
iii. Medial (thoracic wall)
iv. Lateral (humerus)

Question 17

What are the boundaries of the apex of the axilla?

Answer 17

i. Anterior (clavicle)
ii. Posterior (superior border of the scapula)
iii. Medial (first rib)

Question 18

What are the great vessels of the axilla?

Answer 18

i. Axillary vein and artery
ii. Cephalic vein and basilic vein
iii. Axillary lymph nodes

Question 19

What are the nerves of the axilla?

Answer 19

i. Long thoracic nerve
ii. Cords of brachial plexus
iii. Proximal ends of terminal nerves of brachial plexus

Question 20

What are the muscle(s) of the anterior axillary fold?

Answer 20

Pectoralis major

Question 21

What are the muscle(s) of the posterior axillary fold?

Answer 21

latissimus dorsi and teres major

Question 22

What are the muscle(s) of the chest wall in the boundaries of the axilla?

Answer 22

Serratus anterior

Question 23

What are the muscle(s) of the anterior wall in the boundaries of the axilla?

Answer 23

clavicle, subclavius, pectoralis major and minor

Question 24

What are the muscle(s) of the posterior wall in the boundaries of the axilla?

Answer 24

scapula, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, teres major

Question 25

What are the muscle(s) of the lateral structures in the boundaries of the axilla?

Answer 25

intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove), tendon of long head of biceps, coracobrachialis tendon