Lecture 5

Question 1

What are the function of the skeleton?

Answer 1

• Support
• Movement
• Protection
• Storage
• RBC formation

Question 2

What are the two different types of bone and what are their purposes?

Answer 2

• Compact
  > found where strength and load-bearing needed
• Cancellous/Spongy
  > found where shock absorption required

Question 3

What are the characteristics of long bones?

Answer 3

• Longer than they are wide
• Shaft or diaphysis
• Extremities or Epiphyses
• Function as levers for movement
• Thicker compact bone in diaphysis

Question 4

What are the characteristics of short bones?

Answer 4

• Near equal in width and length
• Weight bearing / shock absorption
• Mostly cancellous bone

Question 5

What are the characteristics of flat bones?

Answer 5

• Protection (cranial bones)
• Muscle attachment (scapula)
• Thin plates of compact bone (some cancellous)

Question 6

What are the characteristics of irregular bones?

Answer 6

Variable shape and function

Question 7

Divisons of the skeleton:
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular skeleton

Answer 7

Axial
- skull
- cranium (vault)
- facial bones
- mandible 
- vertebral column
  > cervical (7)
  > thoracic (12)
  > lumbar (5)
  > sacrum and coccyx
- ribcage 
  > ribs 
  > sternum

Appendicular 
- limbs
> arm
> forearm 
> thigh 
> leg

Question 8

Humanlocomotion

Answer 8

• Bipedalism (2)
• Quadrupedal (4)

Lower Limb - Stability and Locomotion
Upper Limb - Manipulation

Question 9

What is the limb structure?

Answer 9

• Single proximal long bone
• Two distal long bones
• Hands and feet

Question 10

Limb attachements?

Answer 10

Pectoral (shoulder) girdle:
> clavicle and scapula

Pelvic girdle:
> hip bones and sacrum

Humerus:
> lighter and shorter
> shallow articulation at shoulder joint
> mobility

Femur:
> longer and robust for stability
> deep articulation

Forearm:
> radius and ulna

Leg:
> tibia and fibula
> deep articulation provides articulation

Hand:
> carpals (8)
> metacarpals (5)
> phalanges (3)

Foot:
> tarsals (7)
> metatarsals (5)
> phalanges (3)