Lecture 4

Question 1

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 1

• Upright
• Face forwards
• Feet together
• Palms face forward
• Same regardless of motion

Question 2

What are the terms of direction?

Answer 2

Superior - Toward the head

Inferior - Toward the feet

Anterior - Towards the front of the body

Posterior - Towards the back of the body

Medial - Toward the mid-line of the body

Lateral - Toward the side of the body

Distal - Toward or nearest the trunk of the body

Proximal - Away from or furtherest form the trunk of the body

Superficial - Closer to surface

Deep - Further from surface

Question 3

Division of the body: PLANES

Answer 3

Sagittal - divides vertically into left and right

Coronal - divides vertically into anterior and posterior

Transverse - superior and inferior horizontal division

Question 4

Angular Movements

Specialised Movements

Answer 4

Flexion - decreases the angle between bones

Extension - increases the angle between bones

Dorsiflexion - foot tilted upward, decreases angle between top of foot and front of leg.

Plantar-flexion - foot is stretched down and back, increases angle between top of foot and front of leg.

Abduction - Moves part away from median plane

Adduction - Moves part towards median plane

Circumduction - combination of flexion, adduction, extension and abduction. Distal end moves in a circle.

Rotation - pivots a bone around the long axis of joint

Specialised:

Pronation - palm faces posterior

Supination - palm faces anterior and forearm bones parallel

Inversion - sole of foot faces towards midline

Eversion - sole of foot turns away from midline