Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Equine nutrition > lecture 5 > Flashcards

lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 types of minerals

A
  • macrominerals

- microminerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the macrominerals and where do you usually get them

A
  • Ca (forage)
  • P (grain)
  • Mg (forage)
  • Na (salt lick)
  • Cl (salt lick)
  • K (forage)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which minerals are the most needed

A

macrominerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the different microminerals

A
  • Copper
  • Zinc (Zn)
  • Iodine (I)
  • Iron (Fe)
  • Manganese (Mn)
  • Selenium (Se)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T or F: the Ca:P ration is especially important in horses ? And tell the ration

A

True and the ration needs to be >1.5-2:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain important facts about Ca

A
  • High in forage (legume>hay)
  • Ca absorption in the Gi tract and kidney (mediated by vit D3)
  • Stored in bone
  • Excess is excreted in urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what will happen if Ca levels in the body is too high ?

A

The thyroid gland will release calcitonin which will

  • increase Ca deposition in the bones
  • decrease Ca uptake by the intestine
  • decrease reabsorption from urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what will happen when Ca levels are too low ?

A

Parathyroid gland will release PTH which will

  • increase Ca release from bone
  • increase uptake by the intestine
  • increase Ca reabsorption from urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the function of Ca

A
  • muscle contraction (skeletal and cardiac, GI tract smooth)
  • Blood coagulation
  • nerve conduc.
  • cell membrane function
  • Regulation of enzyme
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain important facts about P

A
  • high concentration in grain
  • absoption : S.I
  • competes with Ca
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why is the Ca:P ratio so imortant

A

because P competes with Ca for absorption. Ca is especially important during growth so you have to be even more vigilant during that time and therefore the ratio should be >1.5:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of P

A
  • ATP formation
  • Part of cellular phospholipid bilayer
  • found in DNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which diet is likely to give an inverted Ca:P ration ?

A

a diet consisting mainly of grains

- Should give rofage because the P amount is very low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

an iverted Ca:P ratio (1:4) can lead to what disease

A

Nutritional 2nd hyperparathyroidism

- a big head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Explain important facts about Na

A
  • Major ECF cation
  • maintain acid-base balance
  • works in excitable cells (A.P.)
  • help in transport of glucose
  • Usually supplemented
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Can horse get Na intoxication

A

Yes if they always have access to salt blocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Explain important facts about Cl

A
  • primary ECF anion
  • it follows Na
  • Usually there is always enough Cl
  • Regulation of acid-base balance
  • component of Bile + gastric HCL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain important facts about Mg

A
  • influences neuromuscular health
  • 60% in Skeleton
  • cofactor for NA/K ATPase pump
    Source: forage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Explain important facts about K

A 
main ICF cation 
- acid-base balance
- osmotic balance
- skeletal muscle excitability 
- Na/K ATP ase pump 
Source: In high concentration in forage 
*horses in anorexia WILL get a deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Copper is associated with what and by what is it’s absorption influenced

A
  • It is associated wil connective tissue and bones. Getting a deficiency could cause –> developmental orthopedic disease = osteochondosis disease (OCD)
  • absorption influence with Zn
21
Q

which horse will requirer a higher need of Copper

A

growing horses

22
Q

Explain important facts about Se

A

Function as an Antioxidant
Deficiency: white muscle disease
- concentration in feed depend on soil

23
Q

Se deficiency

A
  • acute = blind staggers - appears blind and sweating
  • chronic = cracks in hoofs and hair loss
  • when suppl. Se you have to test the soils to see how much there is
24
Q

how can a nutritional requirement of most horses be met ?

A

by feeding good quality hay/ pasture, water and a trace mineral salt block

25
Q

why should you be careful when feeding grainss

A

because you may feed fat in the same process

26
Q

what will increase the risk of colic

A
  • horse in a stable compared to pasture
27
Q

T or F: grains are structural CHO

A

false they are non-structural CHO

28
Q

T or F: common forage should be 30-40% crude fiber ?

A

true

29
Q

ideally a horse should be fed how much of its body weight in forage = fiber

A

1.5-2%

30
Q

what are example of grass hay

A
  • timothy (most popular)
  • coastal bermuda
  • brome/ orchard
  • blue grass
31
Q

what are example of legume hay

A
  • alfalfa

- clover

32
Q

legume have higher concentration of what compared to grass hay

A
  • protein : 2-3X more
  • Ca: 2-3X more
    (higher risk to get enterolith stones in kidney)
33
Q

what should you be looking for when bailing alfalfa

A

should watch for blister beetle

- they are very aggressive for the GI tract

34
Q

hay may be processed in

A
  • cubed/ chopped
  • pellets
  • fermented as silage = Haylage = more moist so easier to eat
35
Q

what is the disadvantage of feeding silage

A
  • more moist so higher risk for molds

- increase chances of ulcers because they have less saliva because they chew less

36
Q

T or F: VFA are responsible for 90% of the horses daily energy

A

False: 30-70%

37
Q

During harvest an early cut will lead to what

A
  • lower fiber
  • higher protein
  • higher platable and digestability
  • this is better for working horse
38
Q

During harvest a late cut will lead to what

A
  • high fiber
  • low protein
  • less digestible
    • benefits ponies**
39
Q

what can you do to identify dust, mold and weed in hay

A
  • smell – odor = condition
40
Q

what can moldy hay cause

A
  • Recurrent airway obstructive

- colic

41
Q

what are the hay quality determinants

A
  • stage of maturity at harvest
  • color/odor and condition
  • foreign material
42
Q

does Avoid straw has a good fiber quality

A

No it has a very poor digestibility and can increase the risk of colic, and recurrent airway obstruction (asma)

43
Q

Does Avoid round bales has good quality

A
  • can have botulism and can increase recurrent airway obstruction
  • If you have a lot of horses then it is fine but you don’t want them to “live” in them = lots dust
44
Q

describe beet pulp forage

A
  • high digestible fiber <28%
  • easy to chew
    Problem: because it is a dehydrated format, it has to be soaked into water 15 min prior feeding it to a horse otherwise, you increase the risk of chocking since it increase in diameter when soaked
45
Q

describe bran forage

A
  • fiber content :15% difficult to meet the fiber requirement
  • has high P content so you have to be careful with it
46
Q

what are are some common wheat bran

A
  • rice bran
  • soy been bran
  • flax seed bran
  • Bran mash
47
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of letting the animal graize

A

Advantage: get all tehre vitamins, minerals and energy
Disadvantage: high non-structural CHO in spring grass which can cause colic and laminitis

48
Q

why is it better to let a horse graze early in the morning

A

tubers is high in the afternoon and low in the morning so you decrease the chances of laminitis by feeding in the morning

Equine nutrition (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions