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Equine nutrition > lecture 3 > Flashcards

lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the water requirement

A

25-70 ml/kg/day
average horse 500kg
500kg x 50 ml/kg = 25, 000 ml/day
average horse requires : 6 gallon

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2
Q

most of the horses (>90%)get their water requirement by

A

periprandial drinking = eating and drinking at same time

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3
Q

what is a calorie (cal)

A

amount of heat (produced by oxdation) required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1°Celcius

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4
Q

Kcal = ? cal

A

1000 cal

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5
Q

1 Mcal = ? kcal = ?cal

A

1000 kcal = 1,000,000 cal

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6
Q

What will usually be use in horse to calculate the energy value of a feed

A 
Digestible energy (DE) 
Mcal/day = 1.4 + 0.03 x(Kg body weight = 450) = 14.9 Mcal DE/day
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7
Q

what is the required DE for horses: 1. maintenance 2. light work 3. moderate work 4. heavy work

A
  1. 15 Mcal/d
  2. 20 Mcal/d
  3. 25 Mcal/d
  4. > 30 Mcal/d
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8
Q

what are the source of energy

A
  1. CHO :
    - Non-structural (soluble/non-fiber)
    - structural (insoluble Fiber)
  2. fat
  3. protein
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9
Q

Structural CHO have what type of bones

A

B-1,4 linkage which are NOT digestible but are fermentable

- Requires cellulase to hydrolyze the linkage

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10
Q

what are the commonest forages

A
  1. pasture
  2. hay
    - legumes (alfalfa)
    - grasses
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11
Q

> 50% of equine diet should come from what ?

A

forage feeds

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12
Q

best fermentation occurs at what pH

A

6.5

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13
Q

fiber will give energy by

A

the production of VFA during fermentation

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14
Q

what is the 1° energy source

A

VFA - 30-70% of total DE in horses

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15
Q

why is acetate a better VFA than propionate and butyrate

A

acetate is better because it provides immediate energy to the muscle cells.
Propionate and acetate have to be converted to glucose before (GNG in liver)

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16
Q

does grain increase the production of acetate

A

no you decrease acetate with increase grain fed

17
Q

what are the main VFA in horse

A
  1. Acetate : energy for muscle
  2. propionate: contribute greatly to liver and muscle glycogen storage
  3. butyrate: least utilized VFA
18
Q

where are VFA absorbed

A

in the L.I by passive diffusion and goes directly into the portal blood to travel to the liver and the muscle tissues

19
Q

T or F: FFA absorption maintains the intestinal pH at an optimal level of 6.5

A

False it is the VFA

20
Q

what are more energy-dense feed

A
  • non-structural CHO

- Fat

21
Q

what are non-structural CHO

A
  • simple sugar (alpha-1,4 linkage)

- digestion begins in the S.I.

22
Q

what enzyme are required to digest NSC

A
  • amylase
  • sucrase
  • lactase
    are released from pancreas via common bile duct
23
Q

T or F: horses have limited production of amylase

A

True: the production is variable from horse to horse. You have to test it

24
Q

50-70% of NSC will be digested where ?

A

S.I

25
Q

the cecum has specialized microbes to digest NSC

A
  • bacillus, lactobacillus, streptococcus
  • This is why it is important to know how much amylase the horse produce otherwise a too bid amount will be fermented to lactic acid and cause health problems like acidosis by injuring the mucosa
26
Q

what are some examples of NSC

A
  • Oats, corn, molasses

- Sweet feed = 50%

27
Q

NSC is a well-know cause of what kind of disease

A

colics

28
Q

how can you improve pre-cecal digestion of NSC

A

by feeding NSC separately from forage

- processing of starch : corn requires processing to increase digestability

29
Q

T or F: NSC provide rapidly available energy for horses with a high energy requirement

A

True

30
Q

in what kind of disease should NSC be avoided

A
  • cushing’s syndrome
  • equine metabolic syndrom
  • laminitis
  • obesity
31
Q

excess energy = excess NSC may create what ?

A
  • “hot” horse = hard to handle
  • weight gain; excess fat stored
  • developmental orthopedic Diseases (young horses)
32
Q

what are the structural CHO

A
  • -> rouphage:
  • low starch
  • high fiber
  • low DE
33
Q

what are the non-structural CHO

A
  • -> grains:
  • high startch
  • low fiber
  • high DE
34
Q

what is the glycemic index

A

it measures the effects of CHO on blood glucose

35
Q

what are high and low glycemic feed

A
  1. Non-structural CHO breaks down quickly during digestion, releasing glucose rapidly into circulation
  2. Structural CHO break down more slowly, releasing glucose more gradually into the bloodstream
    Corn releases more glucose
36
Q

what is the difference between Non-structural and structural CHO

A

Non-structural: they occur either as simple sugars of CHO that can be broken down by the horses enzyme
e.g. glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch
- range from being almost non-existent in grass hay to being a major component in grain diets
Structural: CHO that cannot be digestive by the horse’s digestive enzyme

Equine nutrition (7 decks)

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