lecture 2

Question 1

The tongue is innervated by what cranial nerve ?

Answer 1

Cr XII: hypoglossal nerve

Question 2

what type of teeth does horse have

Answer 2

hypsodont teeth (tall)

Question 3

is it true that the canine teeth are well developed in females ?

Answer 3

no they are well developed in males ONLY Females will usually only have a little bump.
- 2 upper and 2 lowers

Question 4

how can you know by looking at teeth on a skull if it is a male or a female

Answer 4

by looking at if it has canines

Question 5

how many premolars and molars ?

Answer 5

6 upper and lower of each

Question 6

the teeth numbered 04 are

Answer 6

the canines

Question 7

the teeth numbered 05 are

Answer 7

wolf teeth and usually have to be removed in ridding horses

- doesn’t have anything to do with gender

Question 8

how do you label teeth

Answer 8

upper right is 1 ; upper left is 2
lower right is 4; lower left is 3
then you enumerate from foward to backward 101, 102, .., 111

Question 9

how would you charaterize the horses jaw

Answer 9

anisognathic meaning that the upper and lower don’t have the same widht (the lower is narrower)

Question 10

because horse chew in a rotating motion the 1. aspect of the lower cheek teeth and 2. aspect of the upper cheek teeth will have occlusal wear

Answer 10

1. buccal

2. lingual

Question 11

what are the salivary glands

Answer 11

1. sublingual
2. madibular
3. parotid

Question 12

saliva is rich in what

Answer 12

bicarbonate (buffer)

Question 13

how many L of saliva does a horse produce per day

Answer 13

40

Question 14

When the horse eats grass/hay compared to grains/concentrates will it produce more saliva or less ?

Answer 14

yes it will produce 2x as much saliva

Question 15

proximal 2/3 of the esophagus is made up of

Answer 15

striated muscle

Question 16

distal 1/3 of the esophagus is made up of

Answer 16

smooth muscle

Question 17

what type of contraction will move the food down in the esophagus

Answer 17

peristaltic contraction

Question 18

the stomach has 2 type of mucosa what are they ?

Answer 18

squamous and glandular mucosa

Question 19

T or F: HCL is produced on demand

Answer 19

false it is continuously produced

Question 20

parietal cells in the gastric gland is stimulated by what

Answer 20

gastrin, histamine and ACh

Question 21

what type of cell in the stomach will produce gastrin

Answer 21

G-cell

Question 22

what type of cell in the stomach produces pepsinogen

Answer 22

chief cells

Question 23

what is the Margo plicatus

Answer 23

the seperation between the sqamous and glandular mucosa of the stomach

Question 24

Why do race horse often get ulcers in the squamous portion of there stomach

Answer 24

because the acid gets splashed around.

Also the squamous portion has little defense against gastric acid.

Question 25

what type of barrier does the glandular portion of the stomach has ?

Answer 25

mucus-bicarnonate barrier

Question 26

T or F: the horse do not have a gallbladder

Answer 26

true

Question 27

the small intestine is the primary site of digestionand absorption

Answer 27

• sugar
• starch
• protein
• calcium
• some phosphorus
• fat (soluble ones = A,E,D,K)

Question 28

what type of CHO does the bacteria in the cecum like

Answer 28

fibrous CHO

Question 29

what type of vitamins is produced by the microbes in the cecum

Answer 29

Vit A and K

Question 30

most of water is absorbed where ?

Answer 30

in the large colon (ascending colon)

Question 31

what in the horse works like a fermentation vat ?

Answer 31

cecum and large colon

Question 32

Fermentation in the rabbit is mostly in the cecum or in the colon ?

Answer 32

cecum

Question 33

horses will produce VFA which will be transformed into what

Answer 33

• acetate
• butyrate
• propionate

Question 34

small colon will form what

Answer 34

fecal balls