lecture 2 Flashcards
The tongue is innervated by what cranial nerve ?
Cr XII: hypoglossal nerve
what type of teeth does horse have
hypsodont teeth (tall)
is it true that the canine teeth are well developed in females ?
no they are well developed in males ONLY Females will usually only have a little bump.
- 2 upper and 2 lowers
how can you know by looking at teeth on a skull if it is a male or a female
by looking at if it has canines
how many premolars and molars ?
6 upper and lower of each
the teeth numbered 04 are
the canines
the teeth numbered 05 are
wolf teeth and usually have to be removed in ridding horses
- doesn’t have anything to do with gender
how do you label teeth
upper right is 1 ; upper left is 2
lower right is 4; lower left is 3
then you enumerate from foward to backward 101, 102, .., 111
how would you charaterize the horses jaw
anisognathic meaning that the upper and lower don’t have the same widht (the lower is narrower)
because horse chew in a rotating motion the 1. aspect of the lower cheek teeth and 2. aspect of the upper cheek teeth will have occlusal wear
- buccal
2. lingual
what are the salivary glands
- sublingual
- madibular
- parotid
saliva is rich in what
bicarbonate (buffer)
how many L of saliva does a horse produce per day
40
When the horse eats grass/hay compared to grains/concentrates will it produce more saliva or less ?
yes it will produce 2x as much saliva
proximal 2/3 of the esophagus is made up of
striated muscle
distal 1/3 of the esophagus is made up of
smooth muscle
what type of contraction will move the food down in the esophagus
peristaltic contraction
the stomach has 2 type of mucosa what are they ?
squamous and glandular mucosa
T or F: HCL is produced on demand
false it is continuously produced
parietal cells in the gastric gland is stimulated by what
gastrin, histamine and ACh
what type of cell in the stomach will produce gastrin
G-cell
what type of cell in the stomach produces pepsinogen
chief cells
what is the Margo plicatus
the seperation between the sqamous and glandular mucosa of the stomach
Why do race horse often get ulcers in the squamous portion of there stomach
because the acid gets splashed around.
Also the squamous portion has little defense against gastric acid.
what type of barrier does the glandular portion of the stomach has ?
mucus-bicarnonate barrier
T or F: the horse do not have a gallbladder
true
the small intestine is the primary site of digestionand absorption
- sugar
- starch
- protein
- calcium
- some phosphorus
- fat (soluble ones = A,E,D,K)
what type of CHO does the bacteria in the cecum like
fibrous CHO
what type of vitamins is produced by the microbes in the cecum
Vit A and K
most of water is absorbed where ?
in the large colon (ascending colon)
what in the horse works like a fermentation vat ?
cecum and large colon
Fermentation in the rabbit is mostly in the cecum or in the colon ?
cecum
horses will produce VFA which will be transformed into what
- acetate
- butyrate
- propionate
small colon will form what
fecal balls
