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Equine nutrition > lecture 4 > Flashcards

lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the type of fat

A
  1. saturated
    - solid at room temp
    - NOT suitable as equine fat supplement because it is hard at room temp. and the horse won’t eat it.
  2. unsaturated (double bonds)
    - liquid at room temp.
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2
Q

fat is ingested as what

A

TAG

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3
Q

100% of fat is absorbed where ?

A

in S.I

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4
Q

what acts as a detergent in fat digestion

A

bile acid is continuously made because they do not have a gallbladder

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5
Q

Digested fat will travel to the liver in the lymphatic system as

A

chylomicron

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6
Q

T or F: there is more capacity for fat digestion then for starch digestion in the S.I of horses

A

true

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7
Q

what breed of horses are prone to miss-use fat

A
  • poneys
  • donkey
  • miniature horses
    lead to hyperlipidimia = lots of TAG in bloodstream
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8
Q

T of F: fat is a good suppl. to give to a high performance horse it give rise to a lot of energy however it can give “hot” horse

A

False it is not like NSC it will give lots of energy and keep the horse calm

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9
Q

what percentage of fat should be given to a pleasure horse

A

2-4%

- horses typically consume <2-3% fat/day

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10
Q

fat has 1. more energy density than CHO

A

2.5x more

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11
Q

why should you start feeding fat in a slow manner

A

because the microbes in the S.I are not use to it

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12
Q

what are the source of fat in equine diets

A
    • unsaturated
      1. vegetable oil = 100% fat which is usually the one suppl.
      2. stabilized rice bran = 20%
      3. pelleted feed supplemented with 6-12% fat
      4. fish oil high in Omega 3 however horse do not like it because it has a bad smell
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13
Q

protein is necessary for what

A
  • growth
  • maintenance
  • repair
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14
Q

proteins are broken down to 1. in the 2.

A
  1. amino acid

2. s.i.

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15
Q

protien help form what

A

should be 7-20% of the diet

  • muscle
  • hair
  • hoof
  • skin
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16
Q

T of F: protein is a source of protien

A

true

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17
Q

what are the risks of feeding too much protein

A

urea in urine increase which can cause respiratory problem if the horse is confined to a stale and can cause environmental problems

18
Q

what is the major enzyme for protein digestion in the stomach and in the s.i.

A
  1. pepsinogen-pepsin

2. pancreatic trypsin

19
Q

there is limited digestion of protein in

A

L.I

20
Q

what are the forage with high protein content

A
  • legumes: alfalfa, soybeans

- seeds: oil seeds

21
Q

what are the most important EAA

A

lysin and methionine (most expansive ones too)

22
Q

T or F: Vit are not essential for normal metabolism but are suppl. to increase the immune system

A

False they are essential for normal metabolism in all animals

23
Q

horses is capable of synthesizing what type of vitamins

A

vit B, C, D and K

24
Q

what are the essential vitamins in horses

A

vit A and E

25
Q

vitamine supplementation requirement is dependent on

A

the quality of rouphage

26
Q

T or F: in fresh grass there will be enough vitamins. However if it is process to hay there will be loos of vitamins especially vitamin B

A

False loss of vit E especially; vit B can be synthesized by the horse

27
Q

Fat soluble vit. excess = 1.

Water sol. vit. excess = 2.

A
  1. toxicity

2. excretion

28
Q

role in night vision, cell differnetiation, and immune response to infection

A

vit. A

29
Q

what is the precursor of Vit A and what is it’s active form

A

beta-carotene –> retinol

- transported to liver for storage = 3-6 month supply

30
Q

where can the horse gets vit A from

A

high quality leafy forage

pasture grazing

31
Q

what is the plasma conc. of vit A in deficiency (1.) and toxicity 2.

A 
deficiency = <10 ug/dl
toxicity = 40-60 ug/dl (fragile bones/ hyperostosis/ teratogenesis)
32
Q

what is the function of Vit D

A

helps in maintaining the normal calcium: phosphorus balance

33
Q

tocopherols/ tocotrienols

  • essential antioxidant
  • immune function
  • DNA sunthesis
A

vit E

34
Q

where will the hoses gets Vit E

A

high quality hay and grain

- there will be a 80% loss in cutting and bailing process = if you make hay with grass

35
Q

what will a deficiency in Vit E cause

A
  1. white muscle disease (Se)
    - should give Vit E to mare so that foal gets it through the milk
  2. Equome degenerative Myeloencephalopathy
  3. Equine Motor Neuron Disease > 2 y/o
36
Q
  • coagulation
  • phylloguinones (#1: dietary)
  • Menaquinones (#3: produced by intestinal microbes)
A

Vit K

37
Q

what cause a deficiency in Vit K

A
  • rodenticide ingestion; wafarin block vit K absorption
  • moldy clover ingestion: coumarin converts to dicoumarol
  • any disease of L.I that affects the microbial propulation will dicrease production of vit K
38
Q

B1:
B2:
B7:
B12:

A 
1= thiamin - nerve transmission 
2= riboflavin - ATP synthesis/ lipib meta
7= biotin - hoof quality 
12= cobalamine - synth. of RBC
39
Q

where is the vit C produced ?

A

in the liver from glucose

40
Q

when should you supplement Vit C to growing animals

A

during stressful period like during weaning

Equine nutrition (7 decks)

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