Lecture 5 Flashcards
1
Q
Autonomic Nervous System
A
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- these two work in opposition for each other
2
Q
Sympathetic
A
- think fight/flight
- usually stimulates, accelerates, or increases
3
Q
Parasympathetic
A
- usually inhibits, slows, or decreases
- think “rest and digest”
4
Q
Glial Cells: Astrocyte
A
- CNC
- Transport nutrients, remove debris, regulate synaptic neurotransmitter levels
5
Q
Glial Cells: Microglia
A
- CNS
- Remove debris and dead cells immune responses
6
Q
Glial Cells: Oligodendrocyte:
A
- CNS
- Form myelin sheath
7
Q
Glial Cells: Schwann Cell
A
- PNS
- Form myelin sheath (motor and sensory neurons)
8
Q
Structure - Function Relationships of Neurons (4 Functional Zones):
A
- signal reception (input) = dendrites
- signal integration = axon hillock
- signal conduction = axon
- signal transmission (output) = axon terminals
9
Q
Synapse - Connection Between an Axon Terminal and a Target Cell
A
- found at dendrites/soma (recieve signals)
- found at end of axon (send signals)
10
Q
Neural Signals (direction):
A
- are unidirectional from soma to synapse
11
Q
Signals for Afferent Neurons
A
Carries a signal away from a stimulus… stimulus to CNS
12
Q
Signals for Efferent Neurons
A
Carries a signal to cause a response… from CNS to effector
13
Q
Resting Membrane Potentials
A
- all Neurons have this
- this means the inside of the cell has a different charge than the outside of the cell
- act as electrical signals
14
Q
Electrochemical Gradients and Membrane Potentials (Depends on 2 things):
A
- the chemical potential and the electrical potential (aka the electromotive force EMF)
- Equilibrium potential is the voltage difference between the Membrane when the two forces acting on that ion are equal
15
Q
The Nernst Equation:
Ex = (RT)/(zF) = ln ({X}out/{x}in)
A
R = Gas constant
T= Temp (K)
z = valence of ion
F = Faraday constant
