Lecture 14 Flashcards
1
Q
Cellular Communication (3):
A
- Chemical messengers act over short, intermediate, and long distances
- Hormones are a type of chemical messenger used for long distance communication
- The specific biological effects of hormones depends on the location and type of their receptors
2
Q
Organization of Endocrine Systems (2):
A
- Endocrine organs and cells are present in all animals, but organization varies by taxonomic group
- The signaling molecules (hormones) and their receptors are highly conserved
3
Q
Exocrine Glands:
A
Secrete fluids through a duct onto an epithelial surface (ex. salivary glands, glands in stomach)
4
Q
Endocrine Glands:
A
A collection of secretory cells
The products of these cells are released and diffuse into the blood (ex. thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pituitary gland)
5
Q
Exocrine Secretions - Pheromones:
A
Are exocrine secretions released to the environment and allow animals to communicate with one another
6
Q
Exocrine Secretions - Pheromones - Release:
A
- Inhale
- Olfactory
- Hypothalamus
- Oxytocin (via posterior pituitary)
- Response (ex. arousal, pair, bonding)
7
Q
The Endocrine Pancreas:
A
Secretes hormones into the blood to regulate blood (glucose)
8
Q
The Exocrine Pancreas:
A
Secretes digestive enzymes and an alkaline fluid into the duodenum
9
Q
Steroid Hormones Complete overview:
A
- Structure: cholesterol derivatives including sex hormones (ex. testosterone), glucocorticoids (ex. cortisol), and mineralocorticoids (ex. aldosterone).
- Solubility: lipophilic
- Synthesis: stepwise enzymatic modification of cholesterol molecule in various intracellular compartments
- Storage: not stored (on-demand synthesis)
- Secretion: simple diffusion
- Transport: mostly bound to plasma proteins, ex. steroid-binding globulins
- Receptor site: inside target cell
- Mechanism of action: genomic (change in transcription of target genes)
10
Q
A
