Lecture 41 - The Pelvic Viscera Flashcards
forms posterolateral wall of the pelvic diaphragm
piriformis
forms anterolateral wall of the pelvic diaphragm
obturator internus
smallest muscle of the floor of the pelvic diaphragm
coccygeus
“the” pelvic diaphragm
levator ani
3 parts of the levator ani
iliococcygeus (most posterior), pubococcygeus (most central), and puborectalis (most anterior)
a part of the levator ani is termed the ___ in males or ___ in females
levator prostate
sphincter vaginae
blend of parietal and visceral pelvic fascia
endopelvic fascia
aponeurosis between levator ani and obturator internus
tendinous arch
fibrous band between coccyx and anal canal
anococcygeal body
inferior ligament in the pubic arch
arcuate pubic ligament
behind arcuate pubic ligament
superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm
contains lower abdominal viscera
false pelvis
contains pelvic viscera
true pelvis
blood supply of sigmoid colon
inferior mesenteric artery
venous drainage of sigmoid colon
inferior mesenteric vein
sigmoid colon ends at
S3
sigmoid colon innervation
super and inferior hypogastric plexi (sympa/parasympa)
blood supply of rectum
superior, middle, and inferior rectal arteries
venous drainage of rectum
superior, middle, and inferior rectal veins
innervation of rectum
inferior hypogastric plexus (sympa/parasympa)
other name for transverse rectal folds
Houston’s valves
dilated rectal veins
hemorrhoids
below the pectinate line
external hemorrhoids
above pectinate line
internal hemorrhoids
found posterior to pubic bone and anterior to rectum (and below uterus in females)
urinary bladder
the neck of the bladder is held in place by the
puboprostatic ligaments (males) and pubovesical ligaments (females)
the walls of the bladder are made of the ___ muscle
detrusor
the area between the openings of the two ureters and urethra is called the
trigone
the neck of the bladder
internal sphincter
innervation of bladder
inferior hypogastric plexus (sympa/parasympa)
pelvic viscera in males
prostate, seminal vesicles, ductus (vas) deferens, bladder, rectum/anal canal
the prostate is found __ to the bladder and __ to the urogenital diaphragm
posterior, superior
secretes part of the seminal fluid into the prostatic ducts and urethra
prostate
connective tissue lying between the prostate and the rectum
rectoprostatic fascia (of Denonviller)
coiled glands lying on the posterior aspect of the bladder and secrete most of the ejaculate
seminal vesicles
fold of peritoneum between rectum and bladder (in males)
rectovesicular pouch
thick-walled tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts (where it meets the ducts of seminal vesicles)
vas deferens
the ejaculatory ducts enter the urethra in the portion engulfed by the prostate, called the
prostatic urethra
the terminal part of the vas deferent is dilated and is called the
ampulla of the vas deferens
after the ductus deferens leaves the deep inguinal ring, it
runs lateral to the inferior epigastric artery, crosses the external iliac vessels, and enters urethra
lie below the prostate in the urogenital diaphragm and open into the spongy urethra
Bulbourethral or Cowper’s Glands
3 parts of male urethra
prostatic, membranous, and penile/spongy urethra
just below bladder, runs through the prostate
prostatic urethra
runs through the urogenital diaphragm
membranous urethra
longest part, starts just below urogenital diaphragm
penile or spongy urethra
pelvic viscera - females
uterus, broad and round ligaments, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, bladder, rectum/anal canal
a allow, pear-shaped organ with thick muscular walls
uterus
uterus is anterior to the
rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)
uterus is posterior to the
uterovesical pouch
uterus is bound laterally by the
broad ligament
the uterus can be found normally in __ and sometimes in __
anteversion (90 deg angle with vagina)
retroversion (170 deg angle with vagina)
parts of the uterus
body, fungus, cervix, os, cavity, isthmus
embryological remnant, runs through deep inguinal ring to the labia majora
round ligament of uterus
3 layers of muscular walls
endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
folds of peritoneum that suspend the uterus bilaterally
broad ligaments
the ovaries are attached to the broad ligament by the __ and are suspended in the pelvic cavity by the __
mesovarium
suspensory ligament
the broad ligament between the mesovarium and uterine tubes is called the
mesoalpinx
ligament to the levator ani laterally from cervix
transverse cervical
ligament to the pubis from cervix
pubocervical
ligament to the lower end of the sacrum from the cervix
sacrocervical
responsible for the formation of the ova and female hormones
ovaries
attaches the ovary to the uterus
ligament of the ovary
uterine tubes are composed of
fimbria, infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus
function of uterine tubes
allow maturation of sperm, fertilization of ovum by sperm, transport egg back to uterus for implantation
found at the distal end of the uterus, a muscular tube piercing the urogenital diaphragm
vagina
parts of vagina
4 fornices surrounding the lumen of the uterus, vestibule, introits (opening)
in females, the bladder is separated by the vagina from the
rectum
