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Unit 4 Human Anatomy > Lecture 35 - Diaphragm and accessory muscles/pleurae/lungs > Flashcards

Lecture 35 - Diaphragm and accessory muscles/pleurae/lungs Flashcards

1
Q

3 portions of the diaphragm

A

costal portion, sternal portion, vertebral portion

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2
Q

the main vertebral attachments are formed by the

A

left and right diaphragmatic crus

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3
Q

the right crus is __ and arises from __

A

long, L4

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4
Q

the left crus is __ and arises from __

A

short, L3

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5
Q

attachments from vertebral body of L2 and transverse process of L1

A

medial arcuate ligaments (psoas major)

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6
Q

attachments from transverse process of L1 to the 12th rib

A

lateral arcuate ligaments (quadrates lumborum)

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7
Q

the right hemidiaphragm reaches as high as the

A

4th interspace

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8
Q

the left hemidiaphragm reaches as high as the

A

5th rib

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9
Q

3 openings that pierce the diaphragm

A

aortic hiatus, esophageal hiatus, caval hiatus

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10
Q

opening formed by the right crus as it arches to meet the left crus (at 12th thoracic vertebral level)

A

aortic hiatus

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11
Q

opening formed by the muscle fibers of the right crus as they recur around the esophagus (10th thoracic vertebral level)

A

esophageal hiatus

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12
Q

perforation through the diaphragm lying in the right portion of the central tendon (between 8th and 9th thoracic vertebral levels)

A

caval hiatus

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13
Q

occurs through the esophageal hiatus

A

hiatal hernia

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14
Q

the diaphragm is innervated bilaterally by the

A

phrenic nerves (C3-5)

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15
Q

the phrenic nerve lies

A

on the belly of the anterior scalene

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16
Q

inspiration is an ___ process and requires ___ of muscles

A

active, contraction

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17
Q

quiet expiration is a ___ process and requires ___ of muscles along with ___ of lung tissue

A

passive, relaxation, recoil

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18
Q

created by the mucous membranes of the airways in the lungs, plays an important role in expiration, causes a partial collapse

A

surface tension

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19
Q

shiny serous layer, which tightly adheres to the lungs

A

visceral pleura

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20
Q

fibrous connective tissue layer that is attached to the bony thorax and diaphragm, and lies next to the fibrous layer of the pericardium

A

parietal pleura

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21
Q

4 parts of the parietal pleura

A

costal pleura (contact w/ thoracic wall), diaphragmatic pleura (contact w/ diaphragm), cervical pleura (apex of lungs), mediastinal pleura (inside lungs where heart lies)

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22
Q

the area between the visceral and parietal pleural layers that is formed by the pleural membrane as they reflect upon themselves

A

pleural space

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23
Q

the extension of the pleural space into the area formed between the posterior body wall and the posterior dome of the diaphragm

A

costodiaphragmatic recess

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24
Q

the fluid that accumulates in the pleural space and settles into the costodiaphragmatic recess

A

pleural effusion

25
Q

the superior aspect of each lung is called the

A

apex

26
Q

the inferior aspect of each lung is called the

A

base

27
Q

part of the lung where vessels and airways enter

A

hilum (root)

28
Q

the left lung has __ lobes and a ___

A

2, lingula

29
Q

the right lung has __ bronchopulmonary segments and the left lung has __

A

10, 8

30
Q

represent subdivisions of the pulmonary lobes

A

bronchopulmonary segments

31
Q

the right bronchial artery arises from the

A

right 3rd posterior intercostal artery

32
Q

the superior left bronchial artery arises from the

A

aortic arch

33
Q

the inferior left bronchial artery arises from the

A

thoracic aorta

34
Q

what lies in the pleural space

A

nothing! it’s a potential space

35
Q

boundaries of parietal pleura

A

2 rib spaces below the lung base (midclavicular line, lung base ends at 6th rib so parietal pleura ends at 8th rib) *different ribs at the different lines

36
Q

which hilum is hypoarterial (below pulmonary a)

A

left

37
Q

which hilum is epiarterial (above and around pulmonary a)

A

right

38
Q

“keel-like” projection of the last trachial ring up to the lumen of the trachea

A

carina

39
Q

used as a landmark for visualizing the branching from the trachea of the two mainstem bronchi during fiber optic bronchoscopy

A

carina

40
Q

characteristics of mainstream bronchi

A

the bifurcation creates a 62 degree angle, the left is longer/horizontal/smaller diameter; right is shorter/vertical/larger diameter

41
Q

bronchial veins empty into

A

superior vena cava

they run with bronchial arteries

42
Q

the right mainstream bronchi has ___ lobar bronchi and the left has ___ lobar bronchi

A

3, 2

43
Q

the lobar bronchi divide into the

A

segmental bronchi

44
Q

the right lung has __ segmental bronchi and __ on the left

A

10, 8 (one for each bronchopulmonary segment)

45
Q

the segmental bronchi subdivide into __

A

20-25 subsegmental bronchi

46
Q

the last sub segmental bronchus divides into the

A

bronchioles

47
Q

the bronchioles have no

A

cartilage

48
Q

bronchioles terminate in the

A

alveoli

49
Q

the alveoli are surrounded by ______, thus creating an _______

A

pulmonary capillaries, alveolar-capillary membrane

50
Q

what occurs at the alveoli

A

exchange of respiratory gasses (O2 and CO2)

51
Q

derived from 3rd posterior intercostal artery, follows the right mainstream bronchis and its branches to the lung

A

the right bronchial artery

52
Q

comes from descending portion of aortic arch; follow left mainstream bronchus and its branches to the left lung

A

the 2 left bronchial arteries

53
Q

venous blood is returned via the

A

right/left bronchial veins to the azygous vein and accessory hemiazygous vein

54
Q

left lung upper lobe bronchopulmonary segment names

A

anterior, apico-posterior

55
Q

left lung lingula bronchopulmonary segment names

A

superior, inferior

56
Q

left lung lower lobe bronchopulmonary segment names

A

superior, posterior basal, lateral basal, antero-medial basal

57
Q

right lung upper lobe bronchopulmonary segment names

A

apical, anterior, posterior

58
Q

right lung middle lobe bronchopulmonary segment names

A

medial, lateral

59
Q

right lung lower lobe bronchopulmonary segment names

A

superior, medial & lateral basal, anterior & posterior basal

Unit 4 Human Anatomy (11 decks)

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