Lecture 4- Vision Perception

Question 1

distal stimulus

Answer 1

anything that can cause a nervous system to react in some way

Question 2

proximal stimulus

Answer 2

initial pattern of nervous system reaction

Question 3

percept

Answer 3

when reaction results in the generation of a conception or categorization of what it is youre sensing

Question 4

gestalt

Answer 4

• german for “form” or “shape”
• gestalt psychology: study of how very basic features of distal stimuli are grouped into percepts

Question 5

Principle of proximity

Answer 5

objects positioned closer together in space tend to be perceived as a common group or single structure

Question 6

principle of similarity

Answer 6

objects that share common features tend to be grouped together

Question 7

principle of good continuation

Answer 7

we group objects together which tend to form continuous shapes

Question 8

principle of closure

Answer 8

tendency to fill in gaps, and perceive images as whole objects

Question 9

principle of common fate

Answer 9

objects that seem to move together are grouped together

Question 10

persistence of vision

Answer 10

retention of a visual image for a short period of time after the removal of the stimulus that produced it: phenomenon that produces the illusion of movement when viewing motion pictures

Question 11

Difference threshold (just noticeable difference)

Answer 11

minimum amount of difference needed to detect 2 stimuli are NOT the same

Question 12

motion perception

Answer 12

about more than just static images; its about how images change over time (has a memory component)… movies, TV, videos

Question 13

beta phenomenon

Answer 13

shows that motion perception involves higher-level structures such as memory

Question 14

depth perception

Answer 14

primary means of perceiving depth dimensions of our 3D world : binocular vision
-proximal stimulus on each retina is different

Question 15

Binocular or retinal disparity

Answer 15

amount of difference between 2 retinal images is used by brain to compute depth

Question 16

relative motion parallax:

Answer 16

stationary objects closer to us move by more quickly than stationary objects far away

Question 17

interposition (occlusion)

Answer 17

when opaque object blocks out part of a second object

Question 18

relative size:

Answer 18

“size/distance relation”- bigger objects are closer

Question 19

texture gradients

Answer 19

texture becomes greater as a surface recedes in depth

Question 20

linear perspective

Answer 20

parallel lines seem to converge in the distance toward a single point (ponzo illusion)

Question 21

law of Pragnanz

Answer 21

“we tend to select the organization which yields the simplest and most stable shape or form

Question 22

bottom-up processing

Answer 22

when features are processed first, causing you to consider a larger & over-arching concept

Question 23

top-down processing

Answer 23

when concept is retrieved first, causing you to subsequently look for confirmatory features

Question 24

cardinal features

Answer 24

“chief, fundamental; that upon something else hinges (cardinal rule)

Question 25

canonic perspectives

Answer 25

experience with members of a category cause us to form examplars, or typical examples

Question 26

interposition

Answer 26

when one stimulus blocks image of another

Question 27

graphemic processing

Answer 27

quick and persistent

Question 28

semantic processing

Answer 28

relitivaly slow and transient.