Lecture 10- Other Senses Flashcards
method of tenacity
true because it is common knowledge, common sense
equilibrioception
a sense of balance, often overlooked 6th sense
- also an external sense that provides you with info about the group you are/aren’t standing on
vestibular labyrinth
occupy a membranous, fluid-filled sac that is in a cavity near the temporal bone, the non-hearing part of the inner ear, near the cochlea
3 semicircular canals in the vestibular labyrinth
anterior, posterior, horizontal
2 otolith organs in the vestibular labyrinth
- utricle
- saccule
vestibular organs are innervated by the vestibular nerve, which joins the auditory
(cochlear) nerve to form cranial nerve VIII:
vestibulocochlear nerve
semicircular canals
filled with a fluid called perilymph
- smaller donut inside larger toroid- formed by a membrane filled with endolymph fluid
perilymph
fluid in semicircular canals
otolith organs
sense acceleration and tilt
- 2 in each ear: utricle and saccule
- each contains a macula
utricle
contains about 30,000 hair cells
saccule
contains about 16,000 hair cells
macula
found in otolith organs
- anatomical region that can be distinguished from the surrounding tissue
nociceptors
sensory receptors in your skin that register pain
Instrumental Conditioning/ Learning:
law of effect
if a response in the presence of a stimulation leads to satisfying effects, the association between the stimulus and the response is strengthened
B.F. Skinner
-principle of reinforcement
-created prototype experimental procedure, using rats and “operant chamber” called “skinner box”
A: B —> C
A is the antecedent, which gets the scene set
B is the behaviour, but you guessed that ill bet
C is the consequence, the effect of letter B
ANTECEDENT doesnt cause the behaviour, but creates a favourable opportunity for the behaviour to occur
BEHAVIOUR is a voluntary action
CONSEQUENCE is the most important part of instrumental conditioning
CONSEQUENCE “good”
behaviour more likely to be repeated
CONSEQUENCE “bad”
behaviour less likely to be repeated
reinforcers
consequences that make a behaviour more likely to occur
punishers
consequences that make a behaviour less likely to occur
TRUE OR FALSE: both punishers and reinforcers can be “positive” or “negative”
TRUE
positive reinforcer
give to encourage
negative reinforcer
take to encourage
positive punishment
add to discourage
