Lecture 1- Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation

A

nervous system’s initial response to contact with something in the environment

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2
Q

Synaptic Vesicle

A

packages containing neurotransmitter molecules. They fuse to the cell membrane and dispense their NTs through a process called exocytosis

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3
Q

Neurotransmitter molecules

A

chemical substance released from the presynaptic axon terminal that acts on the postsynaptic cell

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4
Q

Axon terminal

A

part of the end of the axon that forms a synapse with a postsynaptic dendrite, axon, or soma

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5
Q

Synaptic gap/ cleft

A

(synapse) a small space separating the presynaptic and postsynaptic cell

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6
Q

Receptor

A

binding site for a neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitter must fit in the receptor in a lock and key fashion, and when it binds it opens an ion channel that allows ions to flow into or out of the postsynaptic cell

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7
Q

Diffusion

A

tendency for molecules to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

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8
Q

Electrostatic pressure

A

force by which two ions with similar charges will repel eachother, and the force by which two ions with opposite charges will be attracted to one another

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9
Q

Negative resting potential

A

when all the ion channels are closed

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10
Q

action potential

A

dependent upon the exchange of the ions that lie on either side of the membrane

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11
Q

enzymes

A

one method that is used to remove NT from the synapse (protein causes chemical reactions)

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12
Q

reuptake

A

another method used to remove NTs is to have it taken back up the cell that released it (via transporter proteins in the cell membrane)

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13
Q

dendrites

A

the part of the neuron that is sensitive to the neuron’s environment. it is the “main input” to the neuron

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14
Q

soma

A

cell body of a neuron. contains cell nucleus and directs protein synthesis for the cell

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15
Q

nucleus

A

found within cell body, contains genetic material for the cell

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16
Q

axon

A

part of the neuron that extends from the soma. “main output” from the neuron

17
Q

myelin sheath

A

lipid-based substance around the axon of a neuron that serves as insulation to allow the action potential to conduct rapidly toward the terminal buttons

18
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

gaps in the myelin sheath that allow for the exchange of ions to reinforce the action potential

19
Q

sensory neurons

A

receive info from the outside world

20
Q

interneurons

A

process the sensory input from our environment into meaningful representations, “plan” the appropriate behavioural response, and connect to motor neurons to execute behavioural plans

21
Q

bipolar neurons

A

involved in sensory perception (retina of eye), 1 axon, 1 dendrite

22
Q

unipolar neurons

A

1 axon, 0 dendrites

23
Q

multipolar neurons

A

sensory and motor info, 1 axon, many dendrites

24
Q

sensation

A

nervous system responds to external stimuli

25
Q

perception

A

forming an understanding of these sensory inputs

26
Q

psychophysics

A

being able to tell the difference between 2 slightly different sensory inputs