Lecture 4: Tone

Question 1

resistance to stretch in a resting muscle

Answer 1

Tone

Question 2

is tone a test for muscle length?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

How is tone assessed?

Answer 3

Clinically, passive ROM is used to assess muscle tone

Question 4

When muscle tone is normal, what is reisstance to passive stretch like

Answer 4

minimal - someone can move your arm through ROM fairly easily
* however, a range of normal tone among healthy individuals exists
* Learn to recognize abnormally low or excessive tone

Normal resting muscle tone is provided by titin and weak actin-myosin bonds

resistance ranges from flaccid, to hypotonia, to normal, to recloity dependent hypertonia (abnormally high resistance that increases w/ faster movement)

Question 5

Question 6

spasticity = velocity dependent (responds to quick stretch)

Question 7

Velocity dependent increase in resistance is what
* damage to what 2 areas or the brain?

Answer 7

Spasticity

Cortex or brainstem

Question 8

velocity independent stiffness/resistance
* damage to what area of the brain

Answer 8

rigidity
* damage to the basal ganglia

Question 9

Prolonged involuntary twisting or writhing repetitive movements, increased muscular tone.
* damage to what portion of the brain?

Answer 9

Dystonia

Damage to basal ganglia

Question 10

Low tone

Answer 10

Hypotonia

Question 11

Absent tone “floppy” total lack of tone

Answer 11

Flaccidity

Question 12

modified ashworth = same in peds as adults

however dilinate between the clonus for them?

Answer 12

Adults = not clonus unless >5 beats

Peds = document clonus by how many beats
* push on it and it does 1 - 2 then fatigues
* more than 5 beats = fatigued clonus (in peds population)

Question 13

0 on modified ashworth scale

Answer 13

No increase in muscle tone

Question 14

Question 15

What is the beighton scale used for?
* threshold for laxity in young adult?
* score above _ indicates hypermobility

Answer 15

Simple system to quantify joint laxity and hypermobility

not a hypertonia scale

used for hyper mobility test

higher the score the higher the laxity

threshold for laxity = 4-6

Score above 6 indicates hypermobility

9 point scale

Question 16

Know people w/ down syndrome have low tone

Question 17

which level of hypotonia is movement patterns similar to children w/o DS at similar stage of development; sufficient muscle tone, strength, and voluntary control to initiate, adapt, and sustain movements during play

Answer 17

Mild

Question 18

What level of tone is Able to intitate, adapt, and sustain movements during paly, but movement patterns are less efficient comapred to children w/o DS; excessive motion in some weight bearing joints, wide BOS, reduced balance, compensatory movements when strength and tone are insufficient to meet task demands

Answer 18

Moderate

they can do everything, but its a little bit different

Question 19

What level of tone is difficulty initiating, adapting, and sustaining movements during paly; frequency of movement may be limited - movements inefficient and characterized by compensations; may have limited voluntary cnontrol of movement

Answer 19

severe

Question 20

A person w/ hypotonia doesnt mean you cannot build strength. It means your resting m tone is lower than the average person w/o hypotonia. You have muscles, they’re just not as strong at rest. It takes more to strengthen someone who has this.
* everyone w/ DS has this