Lecture 4 - The Skull (Vault)

Question 1

how many bones make up the cranium

Answer 1

28 bones
- > + more sutural bones (wormian and inca)
- > 45 separate bones at birth

Question 2

skull

Answer 2

entire framework, including mandible

Question 3

cranium

Answer 3

skull without mandible

Question 4

calvaria

Answer 4

cranium without the face

Question 5

calotte

Answer 5

calvaria without the base (skull cap)

Question 6

splanchnocranium

Answer 6

facial skeleton

Question 7

neurocranium

Answer 7

braincase (6bone)
- > frontal
- > parietal
- > temporal
- > occipital
- > sphenoid
- > ethmoids

Question 8

sagital suture

Answer 8

separates L/R parietal bones

Question 9

metopic suture

Answer 9

splits frontal bone into L/R
- > usually is obliterated but not always

Question 10

coronal suture

Answer 10

separates frontal and parietal bones

Question 11

lambdoidal suture

Answer 11

separates the occipital and parietal bones

Question 12

squamosal suture

Answer 12

separates temporal and parietal bone

Question 13

occipitomastoid suture

Answer 13

separates occipital bone and lower back temporal bone

Question 14

sphenofrontal suture

Answer 14

separates sphenoid and frontal bone

Question 14

sphenosquamosal suture

Answer 14

separates temporal (squama) and sphenoid

Question 14

sphenoparietal suture

Answer 14

separates sphenoid and parietal bone

Question 15

sphenozygomatic suture

Answer 15

separates sphenoid and zygomatic

Question 16

what is a fontanelle? List them

Answer 16

6 cartilage membranes on the skull, “soft spots”
- > anterior
- > posterior
- > mastoid (2)
- > sphenoid (2)

Question 17

what is a sinus? List them

Answer 17

a sinus is a structure linked to the nasal cavity/ air cavities that moisten air, help with voice resonance, and lighten the weight of the cranium
- > frontal
- > maxillary
- > ethmoid
- > sphenoid

Question 18

frankfurt horizontal

Answer 18

standard anatomical position for the skull angle it as if you’re standing normally.
- > we do this because when we put the skull down on the table it angles up because the mandible is larger than the back of the head

Question 19

list the different cranial orientation

Answer 19

Norma Verticalis
- > from above
Norma lateralis
- > from either side
norma occipitalis
- > from the back
Norma Frontalis
- > from the front
Norma basilaris
- > from the bottom

Question 20

what are the structures of the frontal bone (anterior view)

Answer 20

• > supercilliary arch
• > supraorbital notch
• > supraorbital foramen
• > supraorbital margin
• > zygomatic process (not in articulation
• > temporal line

Question 21

what are the structures of the frontal bone (endocranial/above view)

Answer 21

• > frontal sinus
• > orbital plate

Question 22

angles of the parietal bone

Answer 22

• > frontal angle (right angle is anterior)
• > sphenoid angle (temple)
• > mastoid angle
• > occipital angle

Question 23

structures of the parietal bone

Answer 23

• > meningeal groves (endocranial; spread out as they approach the midline)
• > parietal foramen (exocranial; posterior aspect)

Question 24

structures of the temporal bone

Answer 24

EXOCRANIAL VIEW
- > squama
- > zygomatic process (arch when it’s in articulation)
- > external auditory meatus
- > styloid process
- > mastoid process
ENDOCRANIAL
- > petrous portion
- > sigmoid sulcus
- > internal auditory meatus (only see from the inside)
INFERIOR VIEW
- > mandibular fossa
- > carotid canal (only see from the bottom)
- > jugular arch (fossa in articulation)

Question 25

list the auditory ossicles

Answer 25

• > stapes
• > incus
• > malleus

Question 26

list the structures of the occipital bone

Answer 26

SUPERIOR VIEW
- > hypoglossal canal
- > cerebellar fossa
- > cerebral foss
- > transverse sulcus
- > cruciform eminence
INFERIOR VIEW
- > basilar part
- > occipital condyle
- > foramen magnum
- > condylar canal/foramen
- > median nuchal line
- > inferior nuchal line
- > superior nuchal line
- > external occipital protuberance