Lecture 1 - Intro to Osteology Flashcards
what is human osteology
the study of human remains
how does HO feed into other disciplines? List examples
human osteology feeds into the disciplines listed below as it is a foundational concept. It is also important that everyone stay in their lane even though they all have a base knowledge of HO
- > physical/biological anthropology
- > osteology
- > bioarchaeology
- > forensic anthropology
- > mortuary archeology
why is osteology so important?
- > it allows us to uncover clues about recent and ancient past
- > it is the first level of questioing that contributes to more in-depth research
- sex determination
- age determination
- health and stress
- diet
- growth and development
describe standard anatomical position
- > standing erect
- > facing forward
- > palms of hands facing forward
- > no bones crossed (radius and ulna)
what makes up the axial skeleton
- > cranium
- > ribs
- > sternum
- > vertebrae
- > sacrum
what makes up the appendicular skeleton
- > clavicle
- > scapula
- > radius
- > ulna
- > carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
- > os coxae
- > femur
- > tibia
- > fibula
- > tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
what is the sagittal plane and what directional terms does it use
sagittal plane splits the body into a right and left half
- > lateral is more away
- > medial is closer to the middle
what is the transverse plane and what directional terms does it use
transverse plane separates the body into upper and lower sections
- > superior is above the transverse plane
- > inferior is below
what is the coronal plane and what directional terms does it use
coronal plane splits the body into front and back halfs
- > anterior is in front of the coronal plane
- > posterior is behind
directional terminology of the appendicular skeleton
- > proximal means towards the axial skeleton
- > distal means away from axial skeleton
list all the directional terminology that we will use in this course
- > superior/inferior
- > anterior/posterior
- > medial/lateral
- > ventral/dorsal (more animals)
- > proximal/distal
- > palmar/dorsal
- > plantar/dorsal
list all the anatomical structures that would be considered projections
- > condyle
- > eminence
- > epicondyle
- > epiphysis
- > facet
- > malleolus
- > process
- > tuberosity
- > tubercle
- > trochanter
list all the anatomical structures that would be considered as depressions
- > alveolus
- > canal
- > foramen
- > fossa
- > fovea
- > groove
- > meatus
- > sulcus
- > suture
list the bones that make up the skull
- > frontal
- > parietal (2)
- > temporal (2)
- > occipital
maxilla
maxilla (1) or maxillae (2)
- > upper dentition is indented in L/R maxillae
vomer
- > found in the nose
- > thin triangle shaped bone that separates the nasal appature/ nasal passage in to 2 (lower part of the split)
ethmoid
- > connects to the vomer, also helps splitting the nasal passage into 2
zygomatic
cheekbone
sphenoid
butterfly shaped bone that is the main portion of the cranial vault, sits behind ethmoid
- > provides structure to the maxillae and make up the back portion of the eye sockets
palantine bones
two L-shaped bones R/L that make up the posterior portion of your hard palate
nasal bones
two bones R/L that make up the bridge of your nose
- > it is what typically breaks when you break your nose
lacrimal bones
found on the inside of your eye, where your tear duct is
- > has a hole where tears drain through, thats why your nose starts running when you cry
inferior nasal concha
a scroll-shaped, paired bone that rests at the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. It helps to filter and humidify the air that we breathe
what makes up the thorax
- > ribs
- > sternum
- > hyoid
hyoid
- > does not articulate with any other bone
- > the only free floating bone in the body
- > hyoid helps us carry out voice patterns
portions of the vertebral column
- > cervical (7)
- > thorasic (12)
- > lumbar (5)
- > sacral (5)
- > coccyx (3-5)
pelvis
IS ONLY CALLED THE PELVIS WHEN OS COXAE AND SACRUM ARE JOINED TOGETHER
- > made up os 2x os coxa (os coxae) and sacral vertebrae
what makes up the shoulder
scapula and clavicle
what makes up the arm
- > humerus
- > ulna
- > radius
what makes up the hand
- > carpals (8)
- > metacarpals (5)
- > phalanges (1x=phalanx; 14x phalanges)
what makes up the leg
- > femur
- > patella
- > tibia
- > fibula
what makes up the foot
- > tarsals (7)
- > metatarsals (5)
- > phalanges (1x=phalanx; 14 phalanges)
