lecture 4: systemic circulation Flashcards
arteries carry blood from where to where
from the heart to other organs
if arteries are considered, what type of arteries
conducting arteries
arteries divide into medium-sized arteries called what
distributing arteies
the high elastin component of arteries do what
dampen the BP from heart contractions
what dampens the BP from heart contraction
high elastin component of arteries
arterioles are smaller what
smaller arteries
what are divisions of medium sized arteries
arterioles
arterioles divide into what
capillaries
capillaries are where what happens
where substances are exchanged between blood and body tissues
groups of capillaries combined to form what
small veins called venules
what are capillaries large enough for
1 erythocyte at a time
merging of venules forms what
larger blood vessels
where do veins carry blood
carry blood from tissues back to the heart
what does vasa vasorum mean
“vascularture of vessels”
where is vasa vasorum located
in the walls of larger blood vessels
what does vasa vasorum supply
supples oxygen and nutrients to those larger blood vessels
what are the 3 layers of the artery wall
tunica interna
tunica media
tunica externa
which layer of the artery is closest to lumen
tunica interna
what is the tunica interna
smooth surface, prevents friction
which is the thickest layer and highly elastic of the artery
tunica media
what does the tunica media do
smooth muscle
vasoconstriction/vasodilation
what is the tunica externa made from
elastic and collagen fibers
what is the function of tunica externa
protects vessels
anchors it to surrounding strucctures
why are the walls thicker in arteries instead of veins
need to withstand more pressure
which are the resistance vessels
arterioles
what is the function of arterioles
play a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries
change in diamter affects blood pressire
which are the exchanging vessels
capillaries
what connects arterioles and venules
capillaries
where is there no capillaries found?
none are found in the lining epithelia, cornea, lens
and cartilage
what is the main function of capillaries
Allow exchange of nutrients and wastes between
the blood and tissue cells
true or false: the capillaries have no tunica externa only
false, no externa or media
if there is a low metabolic need, what happens to blood flow in the capillary
blood flows through a small portion of the capillary network
if there is an increase metabolic activity, what happens to blood flow in caps
the entire network fills with blood
1 meta arteriole supplies how many capillaries
10-100 capillaries (cap bed)
what supplies the capillary bed
meta arteriole
what is the function of precapillary sphincters?
limits filling of capillary bed
the union of several capillaries is called…
venules
what is the function of venules
collects blood form several caps and drain into veins
venules are missing what layer of vessels
no tunica externa
true or false: veins contract tunica interna, media and externa?
true but thinner and more easier to damage
true or false: veins can withstand very high pressures
false cannot withstand high pressures
pumping of venous blood back to the heart is done through what 3 mechanisms
Pumping of the heart
• Contraction of skeletal muscles in lower limbs
• Valves found in the veins
what does each valve have and what does that allow
2 or more folds of tunica interna forming cusps projecting towards the heart
leaky venous valves cause what
varicose veins
at rest, where is most blood stored
veins
systemic circulation includes what 4 things
- cerebral circulation
- portal system
- all arteries branching from the aorta (Including coronary circulation)
- all veins draining into the IVC, SVC, coronary sinus
what drains the heart
coronary sinus
IVC drains what
legs, torso and below heart
SVC drains what
head, neck UP and above ear
what are the arteries of the head and neck
brachiocephalic (only right)
subclavian
common carotid
brachiocephalic is only found on the right or left side
right side
what are the 3 branches off the arch of aorta?
1) brachiocephalic ( only right)
2) common carotid
3) subclavian
what branches of the subclavian
vertebral artery
internal mammary (ant intercostals)
how many anterior intercostals do we have
9
what 5 branches off the external carotid
sup thyroid lingual facial occipital posterior auricular
put these in order from inferior to superior
lingual, facial,, sup. thyroid, occipital, posterior auricular
sup thyroid lingual facial occipital posterior auricular
what does external carotid split into
maxillary
superficial temporal
what does maxillary supply
deep skull, orbit, teeth, muscles of mastication, dura mater
what does maxillary artery further subdivide into
middle meningeal
infraorbital
infraorbital passes through where
infraorbital foramen
meddle meningeal is immediately deep to what
temporal bone
what foramen does middle meningeal pass thru
foramen spinosum
what does superficial temporal branch (4)
frontal
parietal
transverse facial
zygomatic orbital
thoracic aorta branches out into what
posterior intercostal
how many posterior intercostal arteries are there
total of 9 pairs
when does thoracic aorta become abdominal aorta
at the diaphragm
what are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk
Left Gastric
• Splenic
• Common Hepatic
what does superior mesenteric artery supply
supplies most of the intestines, head of the pancreas (R.)
what are the branches off the abdominal aorta
inferior phrenic celiac trunk superior mesenteric suprarenal/adrenal renal testicular/ovarian inferior mesenteric
celiac trunk supplies
GI tract, spleen
inferior phrenic supplies what
diaphragm
suprarenal supples
adrenal glands
renal supplies the…
kidneys
superior mesentery supplies
GI tract (small and large int and pancreas)
testicular/ovarian supply
the gonads
interior mesenteric supplies what
GI tract
what does abdominal aorta divide into (2)
common iliac aorta
what does common iliac divides into
internal and external iliac aorta
what does external iliac supply
lower extremities
what does internal iliac supple
supplies pelvis and perineum
gastroduondenal supplies
stomach, duodenum, pancreas, greater omentum
gastric artery supplies
stomach and esophagus
common hepatic supply what
liver, gallbladder and stomach
what does gastroepiploic supply
stomach and great omentum
what artery branches off the splenic
left gastroepliploic
what arteries branch off common hepatic
R gastric
gastroduodenal
right and left hepatic
cystic
what does gastroduodenal branch into
superior pancreaticoduodenal
right gastroepiploic
be able to identity all the branches and diagrams
.
what does superior mesenteric split into
interior pancreaticoduodenal
middle colic
right colic
ileocolic
intestinal
what does ileocolic branch into
illeal and colic branches
what does intestinal branch into
jejunal artery and ileal artery
what does inferior mesenteric divide into
left colic (sup and inf)
sigmoid a
superior rectal
what vein drains head, neck and upper limb
SVC
how does SVC drain intercostal and lumbar regions
by a collection of veins called azygos system
true or false: there are no major veins draining the GI tract, gall bladder and pancreas
true
GI. tract, gall bladder and pancreas use what to carry blood to the lier
portal system
liver is drained by what veins
hepatic veins
hepatic veins drain into…
IVC
testicular/ovarian veins are located on what side of the body only
right side only
azygos system is inside where
thoracic cage
azygos system drains what
drains thorax region
drains deep lumbar region
connects to IVC
what provides a detour from the IVC to SVC
azygos system
what are the 2 branches off the azygos vein
hemiazygos
2) accessory hemiazygos
what does portal system do (2)
1) Detours blood from the GI organs and spleen through the liver
before going into the IVC
2) Carries blood from one capillary network to another without
going through the heart
true or false: portal system is rich in substances after a meal
true
pulmonary circulation carries blood from where to where
from right ventricle to air sacs within the lungs (alveoli)
where is the blood the most deoxygenated
leaving the right ventricle (pulm trunk)
pulmonary arteries carry what type of blood
deoxygnated
pulmonary veins carry what type of blood
oxygenated
where are the only two places in the body where the arteries carry deoxy and veins carry oxy
pulm arteries and veins
pulmonary trunk splints into what
R/L pulm arteries (only arteries to carry deoxy blood)
CO2 passes into where
alveoli
inhaled O2 moves from air to ..
blood
pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood to where
L atrium
arteries of pulmonary circulation are less or more elastic
less (have thinner walls)
peak systolic pressure in the R ventricle is higher or lower than the pressure in L
lower
what organs do not function until after birth
lung
kidneys
GI tract
how does the fetus obtains o2 and nutrients
by diffusion from maternal blood and eliminates co2 the same way
what organ allows the fetus to receive o2 and nutrients
placenta
what is the function of foramen ovale
blood can pass through diff sides of heart
what is the function of ductus arteriosus
connect pulm artery to aorta
foramen ovale becomes …
fossa ovalis
ductus arteriosus becomes
ligamentum arteriosum
after birth the umbilical cord becomes what
Umbilical cord becomes a fibrous cord called the medial
umbilical ligament
after birth, umbilical vein becomes what
ligmenteum teres
after birth, ductus venosum becomes what
lig. venosum
Which of the following is NOT a site of
hemopoiesis in the adult body?
A. Sternum
B. Spleen
C. Vertebrae
D. Head of Humerus
E. Parietal bones
spleen
The predominant type of blood plasma protein
is:
albumins
The structure of erythrocytes makes them
highly specialized for what
oxygen tranports
function of platelets
clotting
the apex of the heart is found where
inferior left point
the layer of the heart wall that is composed of cardiac muscle is the
myocardium
which vessel carries the most highly oxygenated blood
pulm veins
blood in the SVC passes into the…
right atrium
