Lecture 4: Prelude to lab I File Flashcards
Name a model organism for physiology
rabbit, sheep
Name a model organism for developmental biology
Xenopus
Name a model organism for microbial physiology
Escherichia coli (E.coli)
What are some good characteristics that genetic model organisms should show ?
sex (controllable), cheap to maintain (small….), lots of phenotypes, reproduces quickly, lots of offspring, minimal ethical concerns
Name a prokaryotic genetic model organism
E.coli (phage)
Name eukaryotic genetic model organism
Yeast, worm, fish, fly etc
What does yeast do ?
Takes sugar and metabolizes it to form CO2 and ethanol
Name the 3 yeast cell types
- Haploid alpha
- Haploid a
- Diploid alpha/a
One diploid after meiosis forms ______?
4 haploids
How do you induce meiosis in yeast
starvation
What type of mutations show in phenotype in haploid yeast ?
ALL mutations (dominant and recessive)
What gene determines yeast cell type ?
the mating locus (MAT)
Cells with ONLY MATa are a cells
Cells with ONLY MATα are α cells
Cells with BOTH are a/α
How do you get from haploid yeast to diploid, and from diploid back to haploid ?
Diploid to haploid = meiosis
Haploid to diploid = mating
What does homologous recombination do ?
Takes regions of DNA sequence identity and stitches them together
What is gene knocking out
a genetic technique in which one of an organism’s genes is made inoperative
