Lecture 15: Evolution 1 File

Question 1

what are more genetically variable, chimps or humans ?

Answer 1

Chimps

Question 2

What does protamine-1 (PRM1) do ?

Answer 2

substitutes for histones in sperm and probably involved in sperm competition

Question 3

why types of genes vary the most between chimps and humans ?

Answer 3

immunity and defence genes

Question 4

where does AMY1 map to ?

Answer 4

short arm of chromosome 1

Question 5

How does AMY1 copy number change with diet?

Answer 5

low starch = low AMY1 copy number

high starch = high AMY1 copy number

Question 6

why is there so much AMY1 variation ?

Answer 6

Sequence differences between AMY1 genes is small, so copy number variation is recent

Question 7

What is CCR5?

Answer 7

a g-protein coupled receptor, controls migration of white blood cells from blood inflamed tissue

Question 8

What is CD4?

Answer 8

receptor on t-cells

Question 9

What does HIV entry require ?

Answer 9

both CD4 and CCR5

Question 10

name something that blocks HIV entry

Answer 10

Some chemokines (e.g. RANTES)

Question 11

What does the CCR5D32 allele carry ?

Answer 11

a 32bp deletion, leading to non-functional CCR5 protein

Question 12

WHy is CCR5D32 special ?

Answer 12

it gives HIV resistance, no CCR5 = no resistance

Question 13

What does CCL3L1 do ?

Answer 13

Binds to CCR5 and down regulates it. More CCL3L1 = less infection

Question 14

What CCL3L1 gene copy number enhances risk of HIV infection ?

Answer 14

0 or 1

Question 15

What are the band sizes of WT and mutant CCR5 alleles ?

Answer 15

WT = 215bp 
Mutant = 183bp

Question 16

What does west nile virus need ?

Answer 16

CCR5 receptor function, as it encourages migration of white blood cells.

CCR5 null mutants have low survival rate