LECTURE 4: posture Flashcards
What is defined as orientation or alignment of the human body
posture
where should the COM and LOG be maintained
within the base of support
what is defined as process by which upright posture is maintained
balance
in standing where is the BOS and COM
BOS : heels to toes
COM: S2 level
in sitting where is the BOS and COM
BOS: feet boundaries + chair
COM: just below the axilla
postural control requires neuromuscular integration of
PNS and CNS
which systems play a role in postural control
visual, vestibular , somatosensory , and musculoskeletal system
what are the 2 primary mechanisms to maintain stability
anticipatory postural adjustments
compensatory postural adjustments
what adjustment precedes actual movement amd is based on experience and sensory integration
APA
what adjustment responds to sensory feedback and strategies to restore balance/ posture control;
CPA
what helps regulate APAs
vision
what responds to changes in orientation of head and trunk in space
vestibular
what gives feedback with regard to surface
somatosensory
is static posture always a single point
no
postural sway due to gravity and inertia!
how come the head remains so stable even though the upper cervical region being most mobile?
abundance of muscle spindles
is sitting or standing a more stable situation
sitting bc larger BOS and lower COM
less postural sway
where is the most sway observed
in anterior posterior directions
ankle strategy activates muscles in a ____ pattern, whereas hip strategy activates muscles in a ____ pattern
ankle - distal to proximal
hip - proximal to distal
does anticipatory postural adjustments happen before or after anticipatory synergy adjustments
after
when does APA occur
100 ms prior to planned movement
when does anticipatory synergy adjustments occur
250-300 ms prior to planned movement
(before postural adjustments)
what are the two distinct patterns of anticipatory synergy adjustments
maintain motor output predictive of the intended task
and
to provide muscle activation that allows for movement to occur
what is force produced by ground in stance or during gait
ground reaction force
what force occurs at the joints as a result of combines internal and external forces
joint reactions force
what represents a sum of all contact pressures in a. single point of applications
center of pressure
when LOG passes directly through a joints what moment is created
no moment
postural control is used as a predictor for
motor and cognitive development in infants/children
and fall risks
optimal posture will vary based on someones…
anthropometric measures - height, age, weight, gender
in the sagittal view the LOG is
- anterior to ear or aligned with mastoid process
- anterior to acromion
3/ thru midline of ilium , bisecting ASIS and PSIS - thru GT
- slightly anterior to femoral condyle (post to patella)
- anterior to lateral malleoli
what are the various ways to measure the orientation of pelvis
pelvic incidence
sacral slope
pelvic tilt
sacral slope
angle created by a line drawn parallel to the to sacral end plate and line from horizontal
pelvic incidence
line drawn from hip axis to midpoint of sacral endplate and a line perpendicular to center of sacral endplate
pelvic tilt
angle between horizontal and line drawn between PSIS and ASIS
in the head where does the LOG pass
just anterior to external auditory meatus
anterior to C2
eyes are suppose to be angled slightly above what
the ear
what quantify the spine angles
Cobb Angles
the degrees of spinal curvature at each region is
interdependent
ASIS is slightly ____ than PSIS
lower
the LOG passes just ___ to the sacrum and ___ to femoral head
anterior
posterior
the LoG pass just anterior to sacrum which causes a ____ moment at sacrum and a ___ at the hip
flexion (nutation) at sacrum
extension at hip
the LoG passes anterior to femoral condyle and posterior to patella - this causes what movement at the knee?
knee extension
where does the LOG fall in the ankle
anterior to lateral malleouls
how is scoliosis names
for the direction of convex its and location
what spinal position is associated with vertebral compression fractures
hyperkyphosis
what is the reduction of intervertebral disc heights and hypertrophy of facets joints/ capsules/ ligaments
spondylosis
what is the fx of the pars interacrticularis
spondylolysis
what is it called where there is a superior vertebral body slippage , and the fx separated from body
spondylolisthesis
describe forward head posture
craniocervical extension, lower cervical flexion, foward position of shoulder
describe two abnormalities of the shoulder girdle
winging and excessive anterior tilt
what is swayback posture
increased lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis
genu recurvatum
hyperextension of the knee (>=10 deg)
what is pets plants
pronated or flat foot
p for p
what is pes cavus
supinated or high arch
what causes barrel chest deformity , shortened inspirations muscles and flattened diaphragm
COPD
what changed respiration due to rib cage and muscle mechanics: associated with rib hump
scoliosis
what are single axis joints of motion for ribs 1-10
CV and CT joints
disc prolapse or protrude are a result of what
lamellae of annulus separating
what lift do you have a neural lumbar spine , erector spinae offset large anterior shear force and lower disc pressure and higher compressive forces
squat life
if you have a tight psoas major what happened
anterior pelvic tilt with in turn increases compression and anterior shear
what does the thoracolumbar fascia help
last, glutes max , obliques , and TA
