LECTURE 1- biomechanical applications to joint structures and fucntions

Question 1

kinematics

Answer 1

what is the Displacement or motion of a segment without regard to forces that cause movement

Question 2

what type of displacement is translatory

Answer 2

• Linear displacement
• Movement of segment in a straight line
• Rare in human movement

Question 3

what type of displacement is rotary

Answer 3

• Angular Displacement
• Movement of segment around a fixed axis (COR)

Question 4

wha tytpe of displacement is general motion

Answer 4

translation + rotation
majority of human movement

Question 5

what plane and direction is in the coronal (x-axis)

Answer 5

sagittal plane and flexion and extension

Question 6

what type of axis and direction is in the transverse plane

Answer 6

vertical (y axis)
IR and Er

Question 7

what type of plane and axis is abduction and abduction

Answer 7

anterposterior (z-axis_
frontal plan

Question 8

what is displacement per unit of time, regardless of direction

Answer 8

spped

Question 9

what is displacement per unit of time in a given direction

Answer 9

velocity

Question 10

what is a force

Answer 10

push or a pull exerted by one object on another

Question 11

what type of force is an external force

Answer 11

•Pushes or pulls arising from outside the body

Question 12

what is a constant external force; should always be considered first

Answer 12

gravity

Question 13

what is Forces that act on structures of the body and arise from within the body

Answer 13

internal forces

Question 14

examples of internal force

Answer 14

muscles
ligaments
tendons

Question 15

If the segments are unequal in mass, the new COM vector will lie closer to the ____ segment.

Answer 15

heavier

Question 16

where is the COM found

Answer 16

anterior to S2

Question 17

where will the base of support lie

Answer 17

between their feet

Question 18

a wider BOS will ___ stability
a lower COM will ____ stability a

Answer 18

increase 2x

Question 19

what is static equilibrium

Answer 19

object remains at rest

Question 20

what is dynamic equilibrium

Answer 20

objects moves at a constant velocity

Question 21

balanced forces results in ___

Answer 21

equilibrium

Question 22

unbalanced forces result in ____

Answer 22

acceleration

Question 23

what law states An object will continue in current motion until a force causes the speed or direction to change

Answer 23

Law of Inertia - Newtons 1st law

Question 24

When the sum of the forces or torque do not equal 0, then the object must be ____

Answer 24

accelerating.

Question 25

If there is only ONE force, there cannot be ______

Answer 25

equilibrium

Question 26

what law states the force of a object is equal to its max times its accelerations

Answer 26

law of accelerations - newtons 2n claw

Question 27

what force system is Two or more forces work on the same segment in the same line

Answer 27

linear

Question 28

what force system is Two or more forces work on the same segment from different angles

Answer 28

concurrent

Question 29

what law states when 2 objects interact, they apply forces to each other of equal magnitude and opposite direction

Answer 29

law of reaction - newtons 3rd law

Question 30

what is a tensile force

Answer 30

created by opposite pulls on the same segment/object

Question 31

a tensile force is ___ to the long axis of the segment

Answer 31

parallel

Question 32

what type of force is directed away from the joint surface to which it’s applied

Answer 32

joint distraction force

Question 33

the joint distraction force is ___ to its joint surface

Answer 33

perpendicular

Question 34

what force is When two body segments are “pushed” together and “touch”

Answer 34

joint reaction force

Question 35

what type of force is the ankle weight on a ankle in sitting

Answer 35

distraction force

Question 36

what Forces are perpendicular and directed toward the joint surface

Answer 36

compression force

Question 37

what type of force is the ankle weight and foot up on leg press

Answer 37

compression force

Question 38

what is a shear force

Answer 38

The action of the force is parallel (//) to the contacting surfaces

Question 39

shear forces are applied in the —- DIRECTION OF MOVMEMTN

Answer 39

same

Question 40

what is friction force

Answer 40

The action of the force is parallel (//) to the contacting surfaces

Question 41

the friction force is applied in the ___ direction of movement

Answer 41

opposite

Question 42

isolated force thru COM is

Answer 42

translation

Question 43

Isolated force NOT through COM →

Answer 43

rotation and translation

Question 44

Two equal and opposite forces →

Answer 44

rotation

Question 45

what is. Two forces equal in magnitude, opposite in direction, parallel and applied to the same object at different points

Answer 45

force couple

Question 46

The greater the force or distance between forces the greater the____

Answer 46

torque

Question 47

the longer the moment arm then

Answer 47

the greatest the torque ( vise versa)

Question 48

how many points does a bending moment take

Answer 48

3

Question 49

bending moments is common in what

Answer 49

bone fx

Question 50

what is a torsional moment

Answer 50

rotations of a segment around its long axis

Question 51

what is an example of torsional moments

Answer 51

spiral fx

Question 52

The direction of pull for any muscle is toward the ____ of the muscle

Answer 52

center

Question 53

when does movement occur

Answer 53

when teh torque of a muscle is greater than the opposing torque (ankle weight)

Question 54

The pulleys change the direction of the force (pull), without changing the ____

Answer 54

magnitude

Question 55

what is the function of the anatomical pulleys

Answer 55

to make the torque easier

Question 56

does the pulleys increase or decrease the moment arm

Answer 56

increases

Question 57

A force is applied ____ to the segment being acted on will have a larger MA

Answer 57

perpendicular

Question 58

A force applied at 0° or 180° (parallel) to the segment will have a ____ MA

Answer 58

smaller

Question 59

what is a. lever

Answer 59

any rigid segment that rotates around a fulcrum

Question 60

what has to be greater to produce rotations in the lever systems

Answer 60

effector force has to be greater than the resistance force

Question 61

1st class lever

Answer 61

axis is between the EF and RF

Question 62

2nd class lever

Answer 62

the RF is in between teh EF and axis so larger effector force

Question 63

3rd class lever

Answer 63

EF is in between teh axis and RF so RF is bigger

Question 64

what is a concentric muscle contraction

Answer 64

active shortening

Question 65

what is a eccentric muscle contraction

Answer 65

active lengthening

Question 66

whaat is a isometric contraction

Answer 66

no movement but an active muscle contraction keeping coffe mug still between table and mouth

Question 67

The angle of application of most muscles is ____

Answer 67

small

Question 68

what is the difference between between open and closed chain

Answer 68

open chain is where the distal end of segment is free to move closed chain is where distal end of segment is fixed