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infectious disease midterm > Lecture 4 part 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

state the envelope, capsid, and genome of paramyxoviruses

A

envelope – pleomorphic with specific viral attachment proteins (VAPs)

nucleocapsid – helical

genome – large, ssRNA(-) viruses; LINEAR genome

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2
Q

the 3 genera of paramyxoviruses are distinguished by what?

A

the VAPs (viral attachment proteins)

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3
Q

paramyxoviruses cause major diseases including……

A

measles
mumps
RSV

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4
Q

paramyxoviruses invade cells via ____ and are released by _____

A

invade cells via membrane fusion and released by budding

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5
Q

what is the name of the viral attachment protein on paramyxoviruses for MUMPS?

A

HN (hemagglutinin-neuraminidase)

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6
Q

what is the name of the viral attachment protein on paramyxoviruses for MEASLES

A

H (hemagglutinin)

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7
Q

true or false
the mumps and measles viruses have a single serotype

A

true

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8
Q

what is the name for the measles virus

A

morbillivirus

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9
Q

paramyxovirus is:

A

the mumps virus AND parainfluenza virus 1-4

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10
Q

what is the name of the RSV virus

A

pneumovirus

RSV AND metapneumovirus

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11
Q

explain the replication scheme of paramyxoviruses

A

genome is ssRNA(-)

to make protein:
ssRNA(-) is converted to ssRNA(+) via viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase. ssRNA(+) is like mRNA. translated into viral proteins

to make genome:
ssRNA(-) is converted to ssRNA(+) by RNA dependent RNA polymerase to serve as a template for generating more copies.
RNA dependent RNA polymerase then converts this ssRNA(+) back into ssRNA(-) to package into newly made virus

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12
Q

what are the 3 classes of proteins associated with paramyxoviruses

A

nucleocapsid associated proteins

VAP’s (produced in host cell)

matrix protein

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13
Q

name the nucleo-capsid associated proteins in paramyxoviruses and state their function

A

NP (nucleoprotein) – bind and protect viral RNA

P – polymerase phosphoprotein – facilitates viral RNA replication

L (RNA polymerase)

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14
Q

name the VAPS made by paramyxoviruses and state where they are made

A

made IN THE HOST CELL

F protein – membrane protein that promotes fusion and viral entry
HN (MUMPS VAP)
H (MEASLES VAP)

m protein – matrix protein – associated with the assembly of virions

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15
Q

state the envelope, capsid, and genome of togaviruses

A

envelope – has envelope. 2 GLYCOPROTEIN SPIKES
capsid – icosahedral
genome – ssRNA(+) viruses

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16
Q

where do togaviruses replicate?

A

in the cytoplasm

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17
Q

where does the togavirus infect and does it spread?

A

togavirus infects the upper respiratory tract.
spreads via viremia (blood) to lymphoid tissue, skin, and other organs

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18
Q

the togavirus causes what disease?
what is another name for this disease?

A

rubella – german measles

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19
Q

explain the replication scheme of the togavirus

A

genome of togavirus = ssRNA(+)

to make protein:
ssRNA(+) directly binds to the host ribosome and makes protein

to make genome:
RNA dependent RNA polyermase converts ssRNA(+) into ssRNA(-) as a template for generating copies.
RNA dependent RNA polymerase then converts this ssRNA(-) back into ssRNA(+) for the packaging into newly made viruses

20
Q

explain the structure of the spikes of the rubella virus

A

trimer of E1 and E2 glycoprotein

21
Q

how does the rubella virus get into the cell?

A

receptor mediated endocytosos

22
Q

in the case of the rubella virus, explain what happens when it affects the host cell, starting with translation

A

translated into a POLYPROTEIN called p200 which is processed to form p150 and p90.
the combined action of p150 and p90 transcribes the message to make proteins

23
Q

is the transmission of measles, mumps, and rubella the same or different?

A

same – all respiratory

24
Q

measles, mumps, and rubella all result in this symptom:

A

fever

25
Q

do measles, mumps, and rubella all cause a rash?

A

no

no rash for the mumps

measles has a widespread, maculopapular rash

rubella has a faint macular rash

26
Q

between measles, mumps, and rubella, which has the longest duration of illness?

A

mumps (7-10 days)

27
Q

true or false

both MUMPS and MEASLES are slightly contagious

A

false – they are both highly contagious

28
Q

the mumps virus is spread via….

A

viremia

29
Q

the measles virus is spread via..

A

the lymphatic system

30
Q

true or false

the mumps cause a lytic infection

A

TRUE

31
Q

where is the secondary infection site of the mumps virus?
what are the symptoms of a secondary infection?

A

secondary infection = parotid gland

symptoms = painful swelling

32
Q

for which virus does a CNS infection occur in ~50% of patients?

A

the mumps virus

33
Q

name the primary and secondary infection sites of the measles virus

A

primary infection – in epithelial cells

secondary – in lymphocytes and monocytes

(remember: spread systematically through the lymphatic system)

34
Q

what is the cause of the rash seen when a person is infected with measles virus?

A

T cells targeting skin, and endothelial cells of blood vessels

35
Q

name the 5 classes of picornaviruses

A

enteroviruses
(polio, coxsackie A, coxsackie B, echovirus, enterovirus)

rhinovirus (common cold)
cardiovirus
aphthovirus
hepatovirus (hepatitis A)

36
Q

explain the envelope, capsid, and genome of enteroviruses

A

envelope – no envelope

capsid – icosahedral

genome – small, ssRNA(+) viruses. LINEAR mRNA genome

37
Q

where in the cell are enteroviruses replicated and assembled?

A

in the cytoplasm

38
Q

true or false

enteroviruses are a large family of viruses

A

TRUE –polio, coxsackie A and B, echovirus, enterovirus

39
Q

what is unique about enteroviruses

A

they are very resistant to harsh conditions (tolerate wide pH range)

40
Q

how are enteroviruses transmitted?

A

via oral fecal route

41
Q

are enteroviruses lytic or not lytic?

A

lytic
also have specific tissue tropism

42
Q

for which of the enteroviruses can you develop a rash and fever and why

A

the enterovirus itself

the enterovirus has a tissue tropism for the skin. the permissive cells are located there

43
Q

which viruses have a protein cap on their genome and why

A

enteroviruses have VPG cap on the 5’ side of their genome (ssRNA(+))

-the genome resembles mRNA. needs protection in the cytoplasm
-the cap primes the synthesis of the viral strand ssRNA(-) and primes the synthesis of RNA dependent RNA polymerase

44
Q

what is the target tissue of the enterovirus (not plural)

A

the skin – that’s why rash is developed

45
Q
A

infectious disease midterm (9 decks)

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