Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Head and Neck > Lecture 4 - Osteology > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

Neurocranium

A

Calvaria
Cranial floor
Cranial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Viscerocranium

A

Facial skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

8 bones of the neurocranium

vault bones

A 
Frontal
2 x parietal 
2 x temporal 
Occipital 
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are vault bones developed

A

By intramembranous ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is the cranial floor developed

A

Endochondrial ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the viscerocranium develop from?

A

From the pharyngeal arches 1 and 2 - innervated by the facial and trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sutures

A

Coronal - between the frontal and parietal bones
Sagittal - between the parietal bones
Lamboid - between the parietal and occipital bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Names of the fontanelles

A

Bregma

Lambda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

Large areas of unossified membranous gaps between the flat bones of the calvaria which enable some mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Uses of fontanelles

A

Allow movement of calvaria during delivery

Allows growth and development of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When do fontanelles fuse

A

Bregma- 18 months - 2 years

Lambda- 1 - 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Craniosynostosis

A

Early fusion of the fontanelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is the bregma clinically usefull

A

Gentle palpation

  • If bulging - high intracranial pressure unless vomiting or crying
  • If sunken - dehydrated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Trilaminar arrangement of the calvaria bones

A

Inner and outer table of compact bone

Diploe spongy bone in between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adaptation of the calvaria bones

A

Compact inner and outer table - protection as strong

Diploe- light weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Periosteum

A

Covers the surface of the inner and outer tables of the calvaria bones

Strongly adhered to sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cranial fossae

A

Anterior - mostly frontal bone, ethmoid and lesser wing of sphenoid bone

Middle - greater wing of sphenoid and the petrous part of the temporal bone

Posterior - occipital bone

18
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

A

Contains the orbital plates

The cribriform plate and formina

19
Q

Crista galli

A

Attachment site of the flax cerebri

20
Q

Middle cranial fossa

A 
Contains the sella turcica
Foramen rotundum 
Foramen ovale
Superior orbital fissure 
Contains the cochlear and semicircular canals
21
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

Contains the foramen magnum

22
Q

Linear skull fracture

A

Fairly straight

No displacement

23
Q

Comminuted skull fracture

A

Multiple fracture lines
+/- displacement
Can be depressed in

24
Q

Fractured pterion

A

Middle meningeal artery is immediately beneath bone therefore high risk of extra dural haemorrhage

25
Q

Extra dural haemorrhage

A

Intracranial
Blood accumulates between the inner table of bone and the periosteal layer of the dura mater
Lucid interval
Lemon shaped - periosteum strongly adhered to sutures

26
Q

Presentation of basilar skull fractures

A

Anterior cranial fossa:

  • Bi-periorbital ecchymosis
  • CSF rhinorrhea

Middle cranial fossa:

  • Haemotympanum
  • Battle’s sign
  • CSF otorrhea
27
Q

Basilar skull fracture

A

Fracture through the base of the skull

28
Q

Bones of the viscerocranium

A 
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Nasal
Mandible
Lacrimal
29
Q

Le fort classification

A

Fractures to bone of midface:

  • seperation of midface from skull base
  • Problems with the airways
30
Q

Cut eyebrow

A

Supraorbital ridge is very tough therefore doesn’t tend to fracture but skin easily tears

31
Q

Common fractures of the face

A

Nasal bone
Zygomatic bone and arch
Mandible - normally fractures in 2 places

32
Q

TMJ

A

Synovial hinge joint

Lined by fibrocartilage therefore articular bones do not come into contact with each other

Stabilised by joint capsule and extracapsular ligaments

Innervated by auriculotemporal nerve (branch of Vc)

33
Q

TMJ conditions

A
  • TMJ disorder - pain around ear, jaw and lateral side of head. Clicking and locking
  • Dislocation
  • Arthritis
34
Q

If open mouth wide

A

Gliding forward action as the mandibular condyle slides onto the articular tubercle

35
Q

If open mouth slightly

A

Hinge rotation via the inferior half of the TMJ with the madibular fossa

36
Q

Muscles that elevate the mandible

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid

37
Q

Muscles that depress the mandible

A

Lateral pterygoid

38
Q

Muscles that protrude the mandible

A

Lateral pterygoid

Medial pterygoid

39
Q

Muscles that retract the mandible

A

Posterior fibres if the temporalis

40
Q

Dislocation of the TMJ

A

Jaw locks in open position - anterior dislocation of condyle over the articular tubercle

Muscles of mastication keep jaw locked

Head and Neck (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions