Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Head and Neck > Lecture 15 - Oral cavity, tongue and pharynx > Flashcards

Lecture 15 - Oral cavity, tongue and pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Borders of the oral cavity

A

Lateral walls - buccinator
Roof - Hard and soft palate
Floor - mylohyoid muscles and tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Archs in oral cavity

A

palatoglossal arch - anterior

palatopharyngeal - posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lingual frenulum

A

Connective tissue attachning tongue to base

In base can become tongue tied - snip lingual frenulum if not eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vestibule

A

Lateral border of teeth and lips space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

oropharyngeal isthmus

A

Arch formed by the soft palate and tongue + palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches anteriorly and posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tongue lining

A

Squamous epithelium mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Motor innervation - hypoglossal nerve

Alter shape of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Motor innervation by hypoglossal nerve:

  • Genioglossus - attached to mandible. Protrudes tongue
  • Styloglossus - attached to styloid process
  • Hypoglossus - attached to hyoid bone

Motor innervation by vagus nerve:

  • Palatoglossus - attached to soft palate

Change the position of the tongue:

  • retract
  • protract
  • up and down
  • side to side

Anchor tongue to surrounding structures:

  • hyoid
  • mandible
  • soft palate
  • styloid process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Innervation to tongue

A

Posterior 1/3rd:

  • General sensory : glossopharyngeal
  • Taste: Glossopharyngeal

Anterior 2/3rds

  • General sensory: Lingual nerve (Vc)
  • Taste - Facial nerve chorda tympani (PS run with lingual nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CN X test

A
  • Say ‘aah’ - uvula inspected for deviation - uvula deviated away from lesion
  • Gag reflex
  • Tongue deviation - tongue deviates towards side of lesion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CN XII test

A

Tongue movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Salivary glands

A

Saliva lubricates food
Contains salivary amylase and lipase to chemically breakdown food
Contains immunoglobulin for immune defence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Wharton duct

A

Submandibular duct at the base of the lingual frenulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sialoliathiasis

A

Stones form in the salivary ducts causing:

  • pain
  • swelling
  • fluctuates related to eating
  • dehydration
  • reduced salivary flow
  • infection due to stasis

Submandibular duct most commonly affected (wharton’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stensen duct

A

Parotid gland duct

Traverses over th masseter and pieces the buccinator near 2nd premolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sublingual gland

A

Smallest salivary gland

8- 20 excretory ducts per gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How to diagnose sialolithiasis

A

History
Xray
Sialogram - locates blockage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tonsilitis presentation

A

Inflammation of the palatine (visible) tonsils

  • fever
  • sore throat
  • dysphagia and pain
  • swollen cervical lymph nodes (jugulodiagastric)
  • Bad breath
  • exudate on palatine tonsils
  • central uvula

Commonly viral cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most common cause of tonsilitis

A

Strep pyogenes (40%)

20
Q

Peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy) presentation

A
  • Fever
  • Bad breath
  • Drooling
  • Dysphagia
  • Deviated uvula
  • Difficulty opening mouth

Can occur due to untreated or partially treated tonsilitis or on its own via aerobic or anaerobic bacteria

21
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation of epiglottis - can snap shut if poked and close airway

22
Q

Nasopharynx boundaries

A

Base of skull to upper border of the soft palate
C1 - C2

Posterior to the nasal cavity

23
Q

What does the nasopharynx contain?

A

Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
Eustachian tube orifice
Lymphoid tissue

24
Q

Adenoiditis

A

Enlarged pharyngeal tonsils
Block ET - otitis media +/- effusion

  • Snoring
  • Sleep with mouth open
  • Chronic sinusitis
  • Sore throat
  • Nasal tone of voice

Prominent in children as the adenoids undergo atrophy during puberty

25
Q

Oropharynx boundaries

A

C2 - C3

Soft palate to epiglottis
Posterior to the oral cavity

26
Q

What does the oropharynx contain?

A

Palatine tonsils

Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arch

27
Q

Laryngopharynx boundaries

A

Epiglottis to cricoid cartilage

C4, C5, C6

Posterior to the larynx and trachea

28
Q

What doe the laryngopharynx contain?

A

Piriform fossa

29
Q

Piriform fossa

A

Small depression either side of the glottis.

Potential site for foreign bodies to lodge and pharyngeal cancer to develop

30
Q

Longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A

Stylopharygeus - styloid process
Palatopharygeus - hard palate
Salpingopharyngeus - cartilaginous ET (merges with palatopharyngeus)

  • Elevate the larynx and pharynx during swallowing and speech
  • Innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve except the stylopharyngeus
  • Shorten and widen the pharynx
  • Inserted onto the thyroid cartilage
31
Q

Stylopharyngeus

A

Insertion: styloid process

Attachment: thyroid cartilage

Action: Raise pharynx and larynx during swallowing

Innervation: glossopharyngeal nerve

32
Q

3 circular pharygeal constrictors

A
  • Superior pharyngeal constrictor
  • Middle pharyngeal constrictor
  • Inferior pharyngeal constrictor:
    > thyropharyngeal
    > cricopharyngeal
  • Constrict walls of pharynx when swallowing
  • Contract and relax in waves to send food down the oesophagus
  • Innervation - vagus nerve
  • Insertion - pharygeal raphe
  • Covered with buccopharyngeal fascia
33
Q

Killian’s dehiscense

A

Area of weakness between the thyropharngeal and cricopharyngeal inferior pharyngeal constrictor.

Uncoordinated swallowing e.g. thryopharyngeus contracts against the cricopharyngeus can cause pharyngeal mucosa to herniate through Killian’s dehiscense to form a diverticulum (pharygeal pouch).

34
Q

Origins of 3 pharyngeal circular constrictors

A

Superior pharyngeal constrictor - pterygomandibular raphe

Middle pharygeal constrictor - hyoid bone

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor - thyroid and cricoid cartilage

35
Q

Pharyngeal pouch presentation

A

Presents as:

  • dysphagia
  • asymptomatic
  • regurgitation
  • lump in neck
  • bad breath
36
Q

Pharyngeal plexus

A

Located mainly on the middle pharyngeal constrictor

Made up of vagus and glossopharyngeal nerve and cervical sympathetic nerve of the the superior cervical ganglion

37
Q

Motor innervation

A

Vagus nerve except glossopharyngeal motor innervation to the stylopharygeus

38
Q

Sensory innervation

A

Nasopharynx - CN Vb
Oropharynx - CN IX
Laryngopharnx - CN X

39
Q

Stages of swallowing

A

Stage 1 - oral

Stage 2 - pharygeal

40
Q

Stage 1 of swallowing (oral)

A

Voluntary

Preparatory phase where the bolus is made and transported into the oropharynx

The bolus is compressed against the palate and pushed into the oropharynx by the tongue and soft palate.

CN XII - muscles of tongue

41
Q

Stage 2 of swallowing (pharyngeal)

A

Involuntary

  1. The tongue is pressed against the hard palate CN XII
  2. The soft palate is elevated, closing the nasopharynx inlet (tensor palatini CN Vc and levator palatini CN X)
    [ET opened]
  3. Suprahyoids (CN Vc, CN VI, CN XII) and longitudinal muscles (CN X, CN IX) shorten which elevate the larynx - sealed off by vocal cords
    and the pharynx shortens and widens to allow bolus to enter
  4. Epiglottis closes over the larynx due to elevated hyoid
  5. Bolus moves through the pharynx via sequential contractions and relaxations of constrictors
  6. Relaxation of UOS
42
Q

Stage 3 of swallowing

oesophageal

A

Involuntary
Upper striated muscle of oesophagus (CN X) and lower smooth muscles

Lower oesophageal sphincter opens

43
Q

Neurological dysphagia

A

Vagus, glossopharyngeal or hypoglossal nerve lesion

  • Give thickened fluids for better control
44
Q

Dysphagia presentation

A
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Coughing or choking
  • Sialorrhoea - drooling
  • Recurrent pneumonia
  • Change in voice
  • Nasal regurgitation
45
Q

Vagus nerve lesion causes

A

Medullary infarct

Jugular foramen issue e.g. fracture

46
Q

Hypoglossal lesion

A

Wasted tongue
Tongue deviates to side of lesion
Fasiculations

Head and Neck (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions