Lecture 4: motion dynamics

Question 1

Somatic Dysfunction

Answer 1

is
defined as the impaired or
altered function of related
components of the
somatic (bodywork)
system including: the
skeletal, arthrodial, and
myofascial structures, and
their related vascular,
lymphatic, and neural
elements.

Question 2

TART

Answer 2

• Tissue texture changes
• Asymmetry
• Restriction of motion
• Tenderness

Question 3

Active ROM

Answer 3

patient does the moving

–Patient is Active

Question 4

Passive ROM

Answer 4

doctor does the moving

–Patient is Passive

Question 5

what is the limit of active range of motion?

Answer 5

physiologic barrier

Question 6

what is the limit of passive range of motion?

Answer 6

anatomic barrier

Question 7

elastic range

Answer 7

between physiologic barrier and anatomic barrier (increased by stretching)
-end of passive motion

Question 8

sagittal plane

Answer 8

• right left axis

- flexion and extension

Question 9

frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 9

• anterior posterior axis

- sidebending

Question 10

horizontal (transverse) plane

Answer 10

• superior inferior axis

- rotation

Question 11

fibrous joint

Answer 11

-skull articulations

Question 12

cartilaginous joints

Answer 12

discs between vertebrae

Question 13

synovial joints (6 types)

Answer 13

• extremities
  1) pivot
  2) hinge
  3) saddle
  4) ball and socket
  5) condyloid
  6) plane

Question 14

what are the 3 aspects of motion?

Answer 14

• direction
• range
• quality

Question 15

types of quality of motion

Answer 15

• Smooth – normal
• Ratcheting – ex. Parkinson’s disease
• Restricted – contracture or somatic dysfunction
• Exhibiting resistance to the motion induced – cerebral palsy

Question 16

elastic end feel

Answer 16

like a rubber band

Question 17

abrupt end feel

Answer 17

osteoarthritis or hinge joint

Question 18

hard end feel

Answer 18

somatic dysfunction

Question 19

empty end feel

Answer 19

stops due to guarding (patient

doesn’t allow the motion due to pain)

Question 20

crisp end feel

Answer 20

involuntary muscle guarding as

in pinched nerve

Question 21

static flexibility

Answer 21

maximal ROM a joint
can achieve with an
externally applied force (like passive ROM

Question 22

dynamic flexibility

Answer 22

ROM an athlete
can produce and speed at
which he/she can produce it

Question 23

stiffness

Answer 23

reduced
ROM of a joint or
group of joints

Question 24

functional unit of spine

Answer 24

two vertebrae, their associated

disc, neurovascular, and other soft tissues

Question 25

which part of spine displays greatest range of motion?

Answer 25

Cervical Spine

Question 26

coupled motion

Answer 26

consistent association of
a motion along or
about one axis, with
another motion about
or along a second axis.
The principle motion
cannot be produced
without the associated
motion occurring as
well.

Question 27

what is an example of coupled motion?

Answer 27

the spine

Question 28

what does linkage do?

Answer 28

increases ROM

Question 29

what does a specific joint assessment require?

Answer 29

joint isolation for accurate measurement and evaluation

Question 30

what is used to diagnose Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?

Answer 30

beighton score +brighton criteria

Question 31

menkes disease

Answer 31

Copper deficiency
–Kinky hair, growth
failure, deterioration of
nervous system

Question 32

alport syndrome

Answer 32

• Deafness

* Kidney dysfunction

Question 33

Ehler-Danlos

syndrome

Answer 33

• Collagen dysfunction
• Joint hypermobility
• Stretchy skin

Question 34

Osteogenesis

Imperfecta

Answer 34

Blue Sclera

Multiple Fractures

Question 35

Scurvy

Answer 35

Vitamin C deficiency

Question 36

Requirement for Ehrler Danlos diagnosis

Answer 36

•Any one of the following:
–Two major criteria
–One major plus two minor criteria
–Four minor criteria
–Two minor criteria and unequivocally
affected first degree relative in family
history

Question 37

what is the major criteria for Ehrler Danlos diagnosis?

Answer 37

• Beighton score of >4

* Arthralgia for longer than 3 months in 4 or more joints