Lecture 1: critical clinical observation

Question 1

Your dominant eye (to assess symmetry)

Answer 1

• Make triangle with hands focus on object
• Close left eye if moves= left eye dominant
• Close right eye if moves= right eye dominant

Question 2

Athletic (mesomorphic)

Answer 2

• Muscular or sturdy body build-avg guy
• Mid ranges of rom
• Developed from embryonic mesoderm

Question 3

Asthenic (ectomorphic)

Answer 3

• Thin, body build (tall and lean)
• Higher ROM
• Come from embryonic ectoderm

Question 4

Pyknic (endomorphic)

Answer 4

• Heavy (fat) body build (obese, increased fatty tissue)
• Tend to have lower ROM
• From embryonic endoderm

Question 5

Skin- observation: Color

Answer 5

• Pale
• Redness- erythema,inflammation
• Yellow= jaundice- liver disease
• Blue= cyanosis ex: Reynauds Disease, children with tetralogy of Fallot
• Blackness= necrosis

Question 6

Skin:

Answer 6

• Lesions
• Scars
• Tattoos
• Piercings

Question 7

Skin Lesions: (ABCDE)

Answer 7

1) Asymmetry
2) Border
3) Color
4) Diameter
5) Evolution

Question 8

Plumb line (ideal postural line)

Answer 8

• External auditory canal
• Acromion process
• Greater trochanter
• Anterior medial malleolus

Question 9

What factors create asymmetry?

Answer 9

• Bone deformity
• Joint deformity
• Kyphoscoliosis (curvature of spine)
• Dress, occupation, mental attitude, habit
• Sacral base unlevaling
• Lower extremity defects
• Somatic dysfunction

Question 10

landmark of anterior head carriage

Answer 10

eye level, ear level, nose and nares symmetry, ear prominence

Question 11

upper extremities landmarks

Answer 11

• Acromion height, angles of clavicle, carriage of arms, finger length compared to iliac crests

Question 12

below the shoulder landmarks

Answer 12

• Angle of rib cage, umbilicus, crest of ilium, greater trochanter levels (usually by palpitation), upper leg (right to left), lower leg (right to left), patellar alignment, medial and lateral malleoli

Question 13

posterior view landmarks

Answer 13

• Carriage of head, shoulder level (scapular spine, scapula angle, medial scapular border), arm carriage, spinous process alignment or deviation from midline
• Iliac crest heights, PSIS, greater trochanter, gluteal line, upper leg symmetry, popliteal line and space, achilles tendon, medial and lateral malleoli