Lecture 4 - Molecular tools and techniques: Part 2

Question 1

Initiation with RNA pol is followed by

Answer 1

promoter clearance and elongation

Question 2

The transcription cell cycle has what 3 steps?

Answer 2

1. Initiation
2. Pausing
3. Elongation

Question 3

Nucleosome

Answer 3

The basic structural subunit of chromatin consisting of about 200 bp of DNA and an octamer of histone proteins

Question 4

Histone tails

Answer 4

Flexible amino or carboxy terminal regions of the core histones that extend beyond the surface of the nucleosome

Question 5

Histone tails are sites of

Answer 5

extensive posttranslational modification

Question 6

The _______ is the subunit of all chromatin

Answer 6

nucleosome

Question 7

The 10 nm chromatin fiber is a

Answer 7

linear array of nucleosomes generated by unfolding from the natural condition of chromatin

Question 8

Linker histones are not components of

Answer 8

the nucleosome core

Question 9

Linker histones bind

Answer 9

nucleosomes and/or linker DNA

Question 10

The 30 nm chromatin fiber is a

Answer 10

coil of nucleosomes

Question 11

Nonhistones are

Answer 11

any structural protein found in a chromosome except one of the histones

Question 12

Micrococcal nuclease (MNase)

Answer 12

cleaves linker DNA and releases individual nucleosomes from chromatin

Question 13

Length of DNA per nucleosome

Answer 13

between 154 and 260 bp

Question 14

Core DNA length

Answer 14

145-147 bp

Question 15

Linker DNA length

Answer 15

7-115 bp

Question 16

What are the 4 core histones?

Answer 16

H2A, H2B, H3, and H4

Question 17

The histone octamer has a structure of an

Answer 17

H32-H42 tetramer associated with two H2A-H2B dimers

Question 18

Histones are modified by

Answer 18

methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, etc.

Question 19

Nucleosomes are displaced and reassembled during

Answer 19

transcription

Question 20

Hypersensitive sites are found at the

Answer 20

promoters of expressed genes

Question 21

Hypersensitive sites are generated by

Answer 21

the binding of factors that exclude histone octamers

Question 22

ChIP-seq purpose

Answer 22

To map DNA-binding proteins and histone modifications in a genome-wide manner at base-pair resolution

Question 23

CUT&RUN is a chromatin profiling strategy in which

Answer 23

antibody-targeted controlled cleavage by MNase releases specific protein-DNA complexes

Question 24

The term “omics” refers to

Answer 24

technologies that are used to measure and functionally characterize different biomolecules