lecture 4- brainstem Flashcards
Label the cranial nerves on this diagram as well as their output type and emergion location
I= olfactory, not on thalamus, only sensory
II=optic, sensory
III= occulomotor, motor, medial
IV= trochlear, motor, DORSAL
V= trigeminal, mixed, lateral
VI= abducens, motor, medial
VII= facial, motor, medial
VIII= vetibulocochlear, sensory
IX= Glossopharyngeal, mixed, lateral
X= vagus, mixed, lateral
XI= accessory, motor, medial
XII=hypoglossal, motor, medial
Label the main parts in order of top to down, as wll give their functions.
1= thalamus (relay)
2= pineal gland (sleep, melatonin)
3= superior colliculus (vision)
4= inferior colliculus (hearing)
5= trochlear nerve
Describe the effects of a lesion in CN III, IV, VI, XI, XII
3= loss of pull in eye, results in squinting
4= weakness in looking down, no depth perception
6= cross eyed
11= shoulders droop, weakness in head turning
12= tongue points towards side of lesion
Describe the effects of lesions in CN V, VII, IX, V
5= jaw droops to side of effected nerve, loss of sensation to scalp, maxilla and mandible
7= can’t wrinkle forhead, loss of general sensation and expression to face
9= loss of gag relfex and sensation to 1/3 of post. tongue
10= no gag relfex, hoarsness of voice
Describe lesions in CN I, II, VIII
1= loss of scent
2= blindness, effected by MS
8= loss of hearing, no sensory input goes to brain from cochlea
Nerve and muscle intervation of the eye:
Discuss which nerve supples what eye muscle and the function of that muscle and the result of the lesion
Abducens–> lateral rectus–>moves eye laterally—>LESION= squinting
Trochlear–>superior oblique–>depresses eye and turns laterally–>can’t look down, depth perception loss
occulomotor–>medial rectus–> moves eye medially
occ–>sup, rectus–>elevates eye and turns medially
occ–>inf. rectus–>eye down, turns medially
occ–>inf oblique–> eye up and turn laterally
Nerve intervation of the tongue:
Label and describe the nerves that supply sensory and motor info to the posterior and anterior regions of the tongue
post= both info from glossopharyngeal (1/3)
anterior= motor by hypoglossal and sensory by 2/3 trigimenal and some facial
What is the function of the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF)? Which nerves does it intervate? Why is it a target for MS?
allows smooth movement of both eyes in the same direction at once, intervates III, IV and VI nerves
highly myelinated
What is this portion of the brain stem?
Which CN are associated with this region?
What are 6 nuclei associated with this region?
Medulla oblongata
CN 8, 9 , 10, 12
Nuclei: Spinal nucleus–> pain and temp sensory info
Solitary nucleus–> 1973, parasympathetic sensation
Nucleus Ambiguus: CN 9 and 10
Dorsal motor nucleus of CN X: major parasymp nucleus of brainstem
hypoglossal nuclei: sends fibers to hypoglossal nerve
Acessory nuclei: acessory nerve
What section of the brainstem is this?
What is its primary function?
What CN and nuclei originate from here?
Pons, relays impulses between morot cortex and cerebellum, maintain rhythm of breathing
CN V, VI, VII and VIII and their nuclei
(5, 6,7 8 PONS!!!!)
What section of the brainstem is this?
What is the substantia nigra producing?
Which CN and nuclei emerge from here?
Midbrain
produces dopamine
CN III and IV emerge
What is the function of the corticobulbar?
Serves as upper motor neuron source for the LMR in CN nuclei
supplies muscle intervation within head region
carries motor function of the non occulomotor nerves
WHAT DO YOU DOOOOOOO
What is the function of the Spiral Ganglion and what 4 structures are involved in this process?
Intervate the auditory hair cells
Structures: superior olivary nucleus from pons, lateral Lemniscus of pons/mid brain, inferior colliculus of midbrain, medial geniculate body of thalamus
What vertigo and meniere disease?
Vertigo: dizzyness, loss perception of rotation in external space
Meniere:reccurent attacks of vertigo and deafness
What is the PPRF do and frontal eye field do?
What is the result of lesions here?
Primary control centers of the eye, if damaged on one side, neither eye may look in that direction. Eg: Lesion on right PPRF, no eye looks right
