CNS Pharmocology Flashcards
Give definitions for each
1) pharmacotherapy
2) pharmacokinetics
3) Pharmacodynamics: agonist, antagonist, affinity and efficiency
1) how the drug reacts based on patients specific characteristics
2) molecular steps of what occurs when you take the drug, absorption/distribution/metabolism/excretion
3) agonist increases response, antagonist opposite. Affinity is the ability to bind to receptor and efficiency is the effectiveness of the drug
Cholinergic pharmacology- give 4 different ways to inhibit different steps of the cholinergic neuroeffector junctions
1) hemicholinium, prevents choline uptake
2) prevent exocytosis of acetylcholine due to Botolium Toxin (BoTox)
3) ache- esterase blocker, keeps ache from being broken down, NERVE GAS
4) receptor agonists and antagonists
Cholinergic pharmacology- There are 3 Muscarinic and 2 nicotinic receptors, Name them and where they are found.
M1- glands in the GI tract
M2- SA/AV node of heart
M3- rest of body
Nm/Nn found in skeletal and ganglia respectively.
Cholinergic pharmacology- What are the receptor mechanisms for M1/M3
use Gq system, increase phospholipase C to increase secondary messengers such as Calcium, DAG, etc
Cholinergic pharmacology- What are the receptor mechanisms for M2
Gi system, decreases adenyly cyclase which decrease cAMP
Cholinergic pharmacology- What are the receptor mechanisms for nicotinic
Utilize Na/K pumps
Give 4 examples of agonists of M&N receptors and indicate which receptor is being affected. What will this cause?
acetycholine, both
bethancol, M
methancholine, both
pilocarpine, M
Causes increased fluid production for muscarinic and nicotinic leads to excitation of muscles followed by paralysis
Adrenergic pharmacology- what do the following drugs do to the neuroeffector junction? 1 methyl-p-tyrosine 2 MAO inhibitors 3 Releasers 4 reuptake blockers 5 alpha2 agonists and antagonists 6 resperpine 7 guanethidine 8 agonists and blockers of alpha and beta 1 receptors
1) tyrosine uptake inhibitor
2) inhibit the breakage of dopamine
3) allow NE to leave presynapse
4) NE stays in the receptor for longer?
5) alpha 2 is a sensor for NE, if there is a lot, it won’t make anymore, so this can cause more or less NE to be produced based on what it is
6) inhibits to release of NE
7) reduces release of NE
8) either blocks or stimulates alpha and beta receptors
Differentiate between alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors as far as location and function.
Alpha 1= found in the eye, veins, liver, kidneys, male sex organs and its function is contraction and renin release
Alpha 2= in nerve terminals, allows the release of NE, causes platelets to aggregate and lowers insulin
Differentiate between Beta 1 and Beta 2 receptors as far as location and function.
1= found in the heart, SA/AV node, speeds up heart rate 2= dilates blood vessels and relaxes muscles, found in all blood vessels
What CNS effects do benzodiazepines and barbiturates have?
Benzo can cause medullary depression and barbiturates may cause coma’s in high levels
Alcohol
The 3 types of alcohol as well as their final products, possible metabolites and the effects they have on the body.
1) ethylene glycol—> oxalic acid, antifreeze, destroys your kidneys
2) methanol–>formic acid, wood alcohol, causes blindness, respiratory failure, wine contamination due to cork
3) ethanol–>acetylaldehyde (causes hangover symptoms)–>acetic acid, in beverages
What are the symptoms of chronic alcoholism?
hypoglycemia, fatty liver, muscle wasting, gout
Parkinsons-
What is the cause?
Name 4 treatment method (blockers or agonist)
caused by low levels of dopamine from substanstia nigra
- L-DOPA increases dopamine synthesis
- agonist of dopamine receptor
- selegiline, prevents breakdown of dopamine
- M blockers, block muscarinic receptors
Medical drugs- What is the function of and a few examples of the following: Benzodiazepines
examples: alprazolam, diazepam, lorazepam, causes increases GABA and opening Cl channels, causes sedations and can mediate anxiety
