Lecture 4: Barriers to Sport and Physical Activity in the Aged Flashcards
Describe the Personal PA Barriers Based on Demographics:
Demographics on PA:
- Men > Woman
- Caucasian > Non-Caucasian
- Undergraduate > Highschool
- Young-old > Old-old
- High SES > Low SES
Health Problems:
- Those with ailments have more barriers to PA.
- PA can help reduce ailments, inactivity, can increase them.
Describe the Psychological PA Barriers. What are the 3 main barriers that stop older adults from exercising?
Cognition:
- INC in knowledge on the benefits of PA is = INC in their PA.
- INC in knowledge of their OWN circumstances that may impact PA = INC in their PA.
- Time commitments don’t perceive barriers, could be a lack of prioritization.
3 Main Barriers:
Motivation:
- Adults do not want to engage in PA (I won’t do it)
- Associate unpleasant feelings with PA.
Self-Efficacy:
- Adults may not feel capable of doing PA (I can’t do it).
- Don’t have the fundamental skills, issues planning/organizing.
Anxiety:
- Adults may be anxious of adverse effect (I’m scared to do it).
- Perceived risks with doing PA, or previous falls/injuries.
Explain the study by Booth et al., (2002) on Psychological PA Barriers. Who was the study conducted on? What was being observed? What was found and concluded from the study?
The study by Booth et al. (2002) looked at Australian adults above 60 yrs, and separated them into men and woman, and also active and inactive. They asked all four groups what was there primary and secondary barriers to not doing PA.
In both men, woman, active, inactive, and across multiple age categories, the #1 answer was that older adults thought they were already active enough
- NOT TRUE!!! they need MORE PA.
Describe the Social PA Barriers. What’s the difference between Cultural and Generational predispositions?
Cultural Predispositions Influencing PA:
- Indigenous Canadian Structured PA = Potentially oppressive.
- Non-Indigenous Canadian Structured PA = Positive.
Generational:
- Older adults may have less training or be unaware of the benefits of PA.
- Older woman have preconceived notions of PA, such as it not being ladylike.
Describe the Environmental PA Barriers:
Extreme Weather:
- Harder to exercise in the winter opposed to the summer.
- Can have extreme heat and dehydration in the summer.
Walkability:
- Some areas have higher walkability = More PA.
- Other areas are less walkable = Less PA.
Accessibility:
- Impediments to Indoor PA = Distance from PA facilities, lack of transportation/$$ of transportation.
- Impediments to Outdoor PA = High crime rates, poor sidewalks, poor lighting, lots of traffic.
Explain the LTAD model, what were it’s main issues?
How is Physical Literacy described, and how does it fail?
The Long Term Athletic Development (LTAD) model was created to help people learn about sport at a very young age and let them continue sport and PA for life.
One of the main issues is that the model was highly detailed for all parts of life up until the “Active for Life” stage, in which
Physical Literacy = the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge, and understanding to take responsibility for engagement in PA for life.
- Model fails because it puts the onus on the person doing PA to learn everything themselves.
Describe the Ecological Model (Jones et al., 2018), what needs to be taken into consideration when learning PL’s?
The Ecological Model allows one to learn and relearn the importance of PL and how to incorporate them into one’s life. Helpful or those that start PA for the first time, or those that are starting where they left off and need to relearn the importance of PL.
Things to be Taken into consideration when learning PL’s:
- How they interact with their environment and how elements constrain certain opportunities.
- How one learns and retains new skills.
- If the person is cycling on and off PA.
- Older adults have lots of experience which needs to be respected.
Explain the different factors of the Ecological Model (IIOCP):
Intrapersonal:
- Looks at motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding, and engagement in PA.
- How to improve this:
- INC adults focus on health and fitness.
- Assist in goal setting and planning.
- Teach fundamentals and PA guidelines.
- Encourage prioritization around PA.
Interpersonal:
- Formal and in-formal relationships that relate to PA.
- How to improve this:
- Engage as many influential people in supporting PA as
possible.
Organizational:
- Programs, resources, and services that offer accessible and meaningful opportunities for PA.
- How to improve that:
- Understand clients motives.
- Develop user-friendly motives.
- Hire knowledgeable leaders.
- Use culturally appropriate interventions.
Community:
- Context where PA takes place.
- How to improve that:
- INC adults connections to groups and places.
