Lecture 4

Question 1

League of Nations

Answer 1

1. Treaty of Versailles post WWI created League of Nations
2. US never signed on b/c sovereignty - wouldn’t allow a world government to restrict actions
3. Fails, WWII

Question 2

United Nations

Answer 2

1. 1945
2. Replaces League of Nations
3. Mandate: keep int’l peace, maintain sovereignty of members

Question 3

UN Article 1

Answer 3

1. Peace and Security: maintain int’l peace and security

2. Collective Action: take collective measures to bring about peace

Question 4

UN Article 2

Answer 4

1. Sovereignty: membership based on sovereignty of members.

2. Domestic matters: UN my not intervene in domestic matters

Question 5

UN Ch. 7, Article 41

Answer 5

1. Actions: Security council will decide what actions are appropriate to maintain peace and security (e.g., economic sanctions, diplomatic relations)

Question 6

UN Article 42

Answer 6

Force: If Article 41 is inadequate, actions may be taken by force to maintain or restore int’l peace and security.

Question 7

UN Article 51

Answer 7

Self-defence: Nothing in the charter should impede a state from defending itself.

Question 8

UN Military Interventions, 2 Examples

Answer 8

1950: UN security council condemned invasion of North Korea in South Korea, resolution 82, 83, member states to provide military assistance, US used air and sea force to assist S. Korea
1990: invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, UN passed resolution 678 to provide Int’l military assistance led by US which evicted Iraq from Kuwait

Question 9

UN General Assembly

Answer 9

Vote on non-binding resolutions

Question 10

UN Security Council

Answer 10

Peace and security: Where peace and security decisions are made

15 members total

10 rotating

5 permanent members (US, UK, France, USSR, China)

Veto power: the only way for the big powers to protect their interests and that of their allies - League of Nations didn’t have veto power.

Question 11

Peacekeeping History

Answer 11

1950

Lester B. Pearson

1956 Suez conflict, UN Emergency Force successful as deescalating conflict

Ceasefire: after ceasefire is arranged - both sides must agree to Peacekeepers

Question 12

Peacekeeping Stats

Answer 12

70: Over 70 Peacekeeping missions since Suez conflict
4000: Nearly 4000 UN Peacekeepers have died

114 Canadian peacekeepers have died

Increase in missions: Number of missions increasing

Increase in cost

Increasing complexity due to identity-based conflict

Question 13

Paul Dale and colleagues, success of UN in Int’l Conflict

Answer 13

Short-term, mostly,

Long-term, no