L6 Flashcards
1
Q
Mediators in int’l conflict (LISN)
A
- Large states (e.g., US, Russia, Great Britain, China)
- Int’l Organizations: (e.g., UN, African Union, Arab League)
- Small states: Norway, Qatar
- NGOs (e.g., Carter Centre)
2
Q
Why do big power states mediate? Self interest, MOS:
A
- Maintain power: does not wish to a see a system that maintains its dominance become destabilized
- Opportunity: opportunity to establish new diplomatic ties leading to greater global influence (e.g., Russian insertion in Syria)
- Spillover: prevent spillover from conflicts affecting their state
3
Q
Examples of Micro-state involvement in mediation: OaLP, DaL
A
- OaIP: Norway (e.g., Israli-Palistinian Oslo Accords)
2. DaL: Doha, Qatar: (e.g., Lebanon, Doha Agreement, 2006)
4
Q
Example of proxy/conduit micro-state involvement in mediation:
A
Algeria: US-Iran, hostage crisis of 1979/1980, Algeria as mediator
5
Q
Zartman, 2 motives for state involvement as mediators: Def, infl en
A
- Defensive motives
2. Influence enhancing motives
6
Q
Zartman, mediation “ripeness conditions”: ™HS
A
- Timing: the timing of mediation has to be right; conflict must be ripe.
- Mutually hurting stalemate: both sides concluded that continuation of the conflict is in neither parties interest.
7
Q
Zartman, 3 modes of mediation: (CFM)
A
- Communication channel: mediator offers a channel of communication; ‘good offices’
- Formulation: mediator can formulate a solution
- Manipulation: provides incentives and disincentives
8
Q
Zartman, 5 types of mediator leverage Pers Ex Gr Term Dep:
A
- Persuasion
- Extraction: extract an attractive position from each side
- Gratification: sweeten the pot (e.g., Israli-Egyptian - US added military arrangements, aid money, etc.)
- Termination: pulling out of the mediator has consequences
- Deprivation: positive and negative, withhold or offer
9
Q
Option for when formal mediation cannot work?
A
Track II Diplomacy
