L5

Question 1

R2P, 3 responsibilities

Answer 1

1. Prevent
2. React
3. Rebuild

Question 2

3 increases since 1990s

Answer 2

1. Civil wars
2. Intervention by int’l community
3. Likelihood of a multi-lateral approach to conflict

Question 3

1993, Chris Greenwood

Answer 3

How can the int’l audience sit back when civilians are getting killed?

Question 4

ICISS (International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty) R2P timeline and 3 pillars

Answer 4

2005, World Summit

2006, R2P ratified

Three pillars:

1. Protect: Responsibility to the state to protect its populations
2. Assist: International community commitment to assist in 1.
3. Respond: member states to respond in a timely manner if 1 is not met.

Question 5

6 criteria that must be considered b/f military action by the int’l community is undertaken under R2P:

Answer 5

1. Just Cause: (e.g., large scale loss of life, ethnic cleansing [likely to occur])
2. Last Resort: military intervention is last resort, diplomatic avenue first, only after failure,
3. Proportional Measures: proportional measures must be used (e.g., scale, intensity, duration smallest possible)
4. Right Intention: primary purpose must be to halt or avert human suffering
5. Right Authority: security council of UN is first group to be consulted (*remember weakness given veto power), R2P states that the security council is first but not last to be consulted, then changed to be Security Council only
6. Reasonable prospect of success: if mission can’t be achieved, can’t do it (e.g., 2013, Syria, chemical weapons against civilians, US decided not to intervene b/c prospect of success was not high - collapse of regime would pose a bigger threat, did not want to create political or security vacuum)

Question 6

R2P: every state has the responsibility to protect citizens from (4 items):

Answer 6

1. Genocide
2. Ethnic cleansing
3. War Crimes
4. Crimes against humanity

Question 7

Example where R2P was used:

Answer 7

1. Libya, 2011
2. Security council resolution to intervene is passed
3. NATO bombings lead to overthrow of Gaddafi dictatorship - power vacuume
4. Civil war ever since with no sight in end - forgot about 3rd responsibility

Question 8

Example where R2P was considered, but not used:

Answer 8

1. Syria, 2011
2. Using chemical weapons on civillians
3. Russia would veto due to outcome in Libya
4. Syria a client of Russia