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BPK 142 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Myology

A

Study of muscle

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2
Q

Muscle cells (fibers)

A

Only cell in the body that have property of contractility,.

Allows them to shorten and develop tension

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3
Q

3 types of muscle

A

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

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4
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Attaches to and moves the skeleton
Striped pattern
Voluntary control
75% water, 20% protein, inorganic salts, pigment, fat, carbs

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5
Q

Smooth muscle

A

founding the walls of hollow organs and blood vessels.
Not aligned, creating smooth appearance
Involuntary control
Syncytium

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6
Q

Syncytium

A

Connection between cells allows them to contract together

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7
Q

Cardiac muscle

A 
Heart wall contractile tissue
Has characteristics of both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle
Striped
involuntary control
syncytium
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8
Q

6 criteria used to name muscles

A
  1. Shape
  2. Action
  3. Location
  4. division
  5. Size relationship
  6. direction of the fibers
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9
Q

Shape

A

Deltoid, trapezius, rhomboid

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10
Q

Action

A

Flexor, extensor, adductor, pronator

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11
Q

Location,

A

anterior, intercostals, pectoralis major

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12
Q

Division

A

Bicep, tri cep, quad ricep

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13
Q

Size

A

Include the term Brevis (Short) , Longus (long)

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14
Q

Direction of the fibers

A

Transverse (sideways) Rectus ( updown)

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15
Q

Fasciculi

A

Bundle of muscle fibers

May run parallel to long axis muscle. Insert diagonally into a tendon running the length of the muscle.

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16
Q

Unipennate:

A

All fascicule insert on one side of a tendon

-semimembranosus

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17
Q

Bipennate-

A

fascicule insert on both sides of tendon

18
Q

Multipennate

A

Convergence of several tendons- deltoid.

19
Q

Longitudinal (strap)

A

Fascicule run parallel to the long axis of the muscle

20
Q

Radiate

A

Fan our from a single attachment - pec major

21
Q

Primary mover

A

A muscle whose contraction is primarily responsible for a particular movement

22
Q

Antagonist

A

Oppose one another upon contraction

Located on opposite side of a joint

23
Q

Fixator/stabilizer-

A

Muscle that immobilize a bone or joint near the organ of the prime mover so prime mover can act more efficiently

24
Q

Gross Anatomy

A 
Origin = less movable end of a muscle, proximal
Insertion = more movable end of a muscle, distal
Belly = Widest portion of a muscle, between its origin and insertion
25
Q

Connective tissue 3 Layers:

A

Epimysium = whole muscle
Perimysium = bundle of muscle fiber
Endo mysium= a single muscle fiber

26
Q

Myofibrils

A

Within muscle fiber, there are many myofibrils.
consist of large array of contractile protein
Striped

27
Q

Sarcomere

A

Repeated area of a contractile protein, every section

28
Q

Two major contractile proteins

A

Actin = (thin filament)

Myosin( thick filament)

29
Q

Motor unit

A

Functional unit of a muscle
consists of a motor neurone and all the muscle fiber that motor neurone innervates
at spinal cord

30
Q

Axon

A

Motor neurone extends from spinal cord to the target muscle which may be a few millimetres away or a few feet away

31
Q

All-or none law

A

Once motor neuron receives a strong enough stimulus, an action potential is generated. All or none at all

32
Q

Motor units can be slassfied in 2 ways

A

Slow twitch & fast twitch

33
Q

3 types of metabolic characteristics

A

Slow twitch oxidative (SO)
Fast twitch oxidative-glycolytic (FOG)
Fast twitch glycolytic (FG)

34
Q

Endurance athlete vs power athletes

A

Endurance athelte= more slow twitch

Power athlete = more fast twitch

35
Q

Concentric

A

Muscle is shortening

36
Q

Eccentric

A

Muscle is lengthening

37
Q

Isometric

A

Muscle is stationary

38
Q

Muscle Force-Velocity Relationship

A

when Maximally activated, faster a muscle shorten = less for it produces
Faster it lengthens, more force it produces

39
Q

Power =

A

= force x velocity

40
Q

Angle of muscle pull

A

MUScle act on bones about the joint to form a lever system . Must be at 90 degrees or stabilizing component of the force increases.

41
Q

3 factors that affects the expression of strength by a muscle

A
  1. The initial length of the muscle fibers
  2. speed of shortening
  3. Angle of the muscle
42
Q

Sarcopenia

A

Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function.

BPK 142 (10 decks)

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