Lecture 1 Flashcards
Osteology
Study of bones
Arthrology
Study of joints
Functions of skeletons
- Supporting frame work of the body,
- Provides attachment points for muscles, creating a lever system that enables body movement
- Provides protection for vital organs
- Blood cell formation – red bone marrow produces red and white blood cells and platelets.
Bone is richly supplied with blood vessels. - Mineral storage – calcium and phosphorus
Relationship between skeletal muscle to bones
a. Skeletal muscles create movements by pulling on bones
b. Bones serve as levers, and joints act as fulcrums
Composition of Matrix
25 % water 25% protein 50% mineral salts
How many bones are in a human body
206
Long bone, short bone, flat bone, sesamoid bones, irregular bones
Different types of bones.
Function of vertebral column
The vertebral column provides flexible support for the trunk and protects the spinal cord.
Abnormal curves of a vertebrae
Scoliosis ( back curved side was)
Kyphosis - “hump back”
Lordosis - “sway back”
3 classifications of bones
- Fibrous joint – immoveable
• Cartilaginous joint - slightly moveable
• Synovial joint - freely moveable
Ligament
fibrous connective tissue that connects bones together.
Tendon
fibrous connective tissue that joins muscle to bone.
Bursa
small sac or cavity filled with synovial fluid and located at friction points, especially joints
Limits to flexibility
Bony structure of the joint
• can’t be changed by a flexibility program
• Ligaments
• Joint capsules
• Muscle-tendon unit - muscle and its fascial sheaths - the major focus of stretching exercises is the elongation of this tissue
Functions of Synovial fluid
a) Lubricates the joint surfaces as they slide over each other during joint movement to reduce
friction
b) Supplies nutrients to, and removes waste products from, the cartilage cells which have no
direct blood supply.
