Lecture 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Attention deficitis
A
- Balint’s syndrome = neuoropsychological disorder
- Hemispatial neglect (neuropsychological disorder)
- ADD/ADHD (developmental disorder)
2
Q
What is neglect?
A
-Lack of awareness of stimuli presented to the opposite side to the brain damage
3
Q
Ways to test for hemispatial neglect
A
- Cancellation task = give patient lines on paper and get them to draw line across other line (X) –> Only put lines through half side of sheet
- Line bisection = give patient a line, tell them to put line where middle is –> put towards right of line as unaware line carries on to the left
- Copying abilities = only able to draw half drawings e.g. will draw a clock only from 1-7 but a full circle
4
Q
Symptoms of neglect
A
- Can ignore contralesional (opposite) side of imagined scenes
- Can ignore left side of each object not left side of scene –> its often object directed
5
Q
Extinction
A
- Patients detect stimulus presented to one visual field but fail to detect same stimulus when another stimulus is presented to the other field at the same time –> suggests a competition mechanism - different perceptual representations are competing for attention = extinction
- Found in patients suffering from neglect but can occur independently
6
Q
How much is processed?
A
- Patients with neglect cannot accurately identify objects presented to the neglected field
- No conscious access of what they have seen
- Object presented to the neglected field can change the patients behaviour
- Meaning of object processed
7
Q
How to explain neglect/extinction
A
- Neglect and extinction are both deficits of attention not perception
- Dorsal stream - endogenous attention (top-down)
- Ventral stream - exogenous attention (bottom-up)
- -> Associated with neglect
8
Q
Lesions underlying neglect
A
- Associated with damage to the right inferior parietal lobe
- TMS on same regions produced neglect/extinction symptoms
9
Q
Evidence for neglect/extinction
A
- Neglect patients benefit from valid cues in both visual fields
- Suggests endogenous orienting system is relatively intact in neglect patients
10
Q
Disengagement of attention
A
- Neglected patients most impacted when trying to disengage attention from intact side
- Arrow pointing right + square right = unimpaired
- Arrow pointing left + square left = slight impairment
- Arrow pointing right + square left = large impairment
11
Q
Neglect without brain injury
A
- When dozing off, sounds played from left and right
- Spatial attention shifts to the right as we get drowsy
- Each cerebral hemisphere competes for attention
12
Q
ADHD symptoms
A
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsivity
- Inattention
- Symptoms present childhood
13
Q
Inattention symptoms of ADHD
A
- Need at least 6
- Poor attention to details
- Difficulty in sustaining attention
- Doesn’t appear to listen
- Doesn’t follow instructions
- Difficulty organising
- Avoids tasks that require sustained effort
- Looses things
- Easily distracted
- Forgetful
14
Q
Hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms of ADHD
A
- Need at least 6
- Fidgets
- Leaves seat when expected to remain
- Runs excessively
- Difficulty in playing quietly
- Always on the go
- Talks excessively
- Bursts out answers before question complete
- Doesn’t wait their turn
- Interrupts others
15
Q
Causes of ADHD
A
- Unknown
- Main risk factors:
- -> Genetics
- -> Prenatal exposure to alcohol and tobacco
- -> Post-natal prefrontal damage
- -> Significantly low birth weight
