Lecture 4 Flashcards
Types of energy?
Kinetic,gravitational,Elastic,Heat
What is kinetic energy?
The energy of motion
What is gravitational energy (potential energy)?
Energy in relation to another mass (earth)
What is the center of mass?
The center of mass is the unique point at the center of a distribution of mass in space that has the property that the weighted position vectors relative to this point sum to zero.
What is elastic energy?
Energy stored by deformation of an object
What is gravitational and elastic energy released as?
Kinetic energy
What are potential, kinetic and elastic energy forms of?
mechanical energy
If mechanical energy increases what are muscles doing?
positive work
What do muscles do?
Contract and exert force
What is positive work?
exerted as muscles contract
What is negative work?
exerted as muscles lengthen
What is the main energy source for muscles?
ATP
What is myosin a catalyst for splitting?
ATP —- ADP
How does the body produce ATP?
Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration
What is oxygen used for?
Breaking down ATP
What is the non-transport cost
Basal metabolic rate
What are transport costs?
Power,forces overcome eg friction,drag and gravity
What happens to the metabolic rate as speed increases?
Increases
What is geometric similarity?
if linear dimensions are multiplied by the same factor
Trouble with being small?
Heat loss and small stride lengths
Trouble with being long?
Nerve transmissions take longer
Trouble with being tall?
Blood pressure
Trouble with being heavy?
Larger transport costs
What is dynamic symilarity?
if all lengths are multiplied by the same factor
