Lecture 4 Flashcards
Why proteins as a catalyst?
Greater reaction specificity (chirality), capacity for regulation (inhibitors), higher reaction rates, and milder reaction conditions
Enzymes
catalytically active biological macromolecules. Provide an active site within which a given reaction can proceed more rapidly
Michaelis complex
the enzyme substrate complex.
v = ( vmax * [S] ) / (Km + [S])
Transition state
fleeting molecular moment in which events such as bond breakage/formation or change formation have proceeded to the point where decay to either substrate or product is equally likely.
T or F: Rate is dependent on the magnitude of the activation energy
True. The higher the activation energy, the slower the reaction. And enzymes can affect the activation energy.
Transition state and free energy change
a large negative free energy change favors product formation and vice versa
Rate limiting step
step with the highest activation energy
3 ways enzymes lower activation energy
rearrangement of covalent bonds during catalysis, organize reactive groups into close proximity, and stabilizing the transition state
3 types of proximity effect and speed in relation to each other
bimolecular reactions, unimolecular reactions flexible, and unimolecular reactions inflexible
k(cat)
turnover number - number of substrate molecules that one enzyme can convert per second
K(m)
Michaelis constant = disappearance of the substrate complex / formation of the substrate complex.
Thus lower Km, the greater the affinity.
Sequential mechanism
enzyme reaction occurring in random or ordered method of substrate binding.
Ping-pong mechanism
The enzyme gets modified by the first substrate, releasing the product, allowing the second substrate to come. Think phosphorylation.
3 types of enzyme inhibition
competitive, uncompetitive, noncompetitive (mixed)
Competitive inhibition
substrate and inhibitor compete for the binding site of the enzyme. intersect at y-axis. Km increases and Vmax stays the same.
