Lecture 4 Flashcards
What is the rule concerning naming deep veins with corresponding deep arteries?
Similarly located deep blood vessels will have the same pre name.
What are the main arteries and veins of the lower limbs in the body in order? What is the aortic bifocation?
Arteries: common iliac, external iliac, femoral artery, popliteal artery, posterior tibial artry, dorsalis pedis artery, arcuate artery, metatarsal arteries, plantar arch
Veins: Deep: common iliac vein, external iliac vein. femoral vein, popliteal vein, peroneal vein, posterior tibial vein, plantar arch and digital veins
Superficial: Great saphenous vein (roughly just above the knee on the posterior aspect), small saphenous vein (anterior aspect of middle of the leg).
The aortic bifocation is the point where the aorta splits up into the left and right common iliac arteries.
What are the main arteries and veins of the upper limbs of the body in order?
Veins: Radial and ulnar veins, bracheal vein and axillary vein merging into the subclavean vein, these merge with the internal and external jugular veins (from the head) to form the brachiocephalic vein which merges with the azygos vein (chest wall vein) to form the superior vena cava.
arteries: Aorta splits off at the aortic arch into the right and left brachiocephalic artery and the left and right common carotid (to the head), then the subclavean artery, axillary artery, bracheal artery, Radial and ulnar arteries.
What is the tunica intima composed of and what does each component do?
Tunica intima: The innermost layer and smallest layer, made up of endothelium (single layer of epithelium which lines the lumen (hole) of all vessels and prevents blood clotting), subendothelium: a sparse pad of loose fibrous connective tissue which cushions the endothelium
Internal elastic lamina: Condensed sheet of elastic tissue, well developed in arteries and less developed in veins.
What is the tunica media composed of and what does it do?
Mainly smooth muscle, the tunica media has a variable content of connective tissue fibred (mainly elastin and collagen).
The thickness of this layer is proportional to both diameter and blood pressure (high diameter or blood pressure means larger thickness). This is the second layer of blood vessels.
What is the tunica adventitia composed of and what does it do?
Loose fibrous connective tissue with a high content of collagen and variable amounts of elastin, in larger vessels this contains the vasa vasorum.
Lymphatics and autonomic nerves are also found in this region.
What is the vasa vasorum?
The vasa vasorum is a network of small blood vessels that supply the walls of large blood vessels.
What direction do smooth muscle cells run around blood vessels?
Circumfrentially (this means their action will cause the vessel to change diameter).
What are the two main types of arteries? What are their main differences?
Elastic arteries tend to be closer to the heart due to the pulsing nature of the beats, the high elastin content helps to make the flow of blood more even. Muscular arteries become more common further from the heart, these allow for the controlling of distribution of the blood.
Which layer of blood vessels dominates in arteries.
The tunica media
What are the arterioles? What is their function and how large are they roughly?
Small arteries (about 3 epithelial cells make up the circumference), which function largely as resistance vessels which help to determine blood pressure.
What are venules? How can we tell what way the blood is going by looking at veins?
Venules are like the arterioles of veins, they are the start of the drainage system. We can tell which way the blood is going by looking at the valves.
What are the structural functions of veins?
A low pressure, large volume transport system with one way flow and also able to act as capacitance vessels.
What is the shape of veins and what is usually the thickest layer in veins?
They have an irregular flattened shape with a large lumen and thin wall (plump when in the body). The tunica adventitia is often the thickest layer of a vein, but not always.
What other transport system is typically found near blood vessels besides lymphatics? Why?
Nerves.because they use the same connective tissue sheath.
